For a century, urban commotion has

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　　2、For a century, urban commotion has been treated as a moral failing of individuals. Fixing it will require systemic changes to environmental noise.What are your ears hearing right now? Maybe the bustling sounds of a busy office, or your partner cooking dinner in the next room. Whatever the texture of the sonic landscape of your life may be, beneath it all is the same omnipresent din: the sound of cars.That might seem benign, or perhaps even endearing—the sound of the bustle of the big city. But the din of vehicles, along with transit and industrial activity, is making people sick. People forget that noise pollution is still pollution. And noise pollution is everywhere.Unlike many other injuries, hearing damage is irreparable. It also functions differently. People tend to assume that hearing loss is akin to turning down the volume in one’s head—that everything just sounds quieter. But it’s more complex than that. Sound at certain frequencies just vanishes—birdsong, intelligible human speech, the gentle rustling of leaves, the crispy highs of brushes on jazz cymbals. People can avoid using earbuds excessively or attending loud concerts. But people do not necessarily have the ability to avoid high levels of environmental noise—it’s in their neighborhoods, near their schools, at their workplaces. That makes noise pollution a matter of bodily autonomy.Solving the environmental-noise problem has been difficult, partly because for more than a century anti-noise advocates have fought for the right to silence rather than the right to hear.Concerns about hearing loss largely focus on excessive noise exposure. But environmental noise is just as unsafe. People living in cities are regularly exposed (against their will) to noise above 85 decibels from sources like traffic, subways, industrial activity, and airports. That’s enough to cause significant hearing loss over time. If you have an hour- long commute at such sound levels, your hearing has probably already been affected. Urban life also sustains average background noise levels of 60 decibels, which is loud enough to raise ones blood pressure and heart rate, and cause stress, loss of concentration, and loss of sleep. Sirens are a particularly extreme example of the kind of noise inflicted on people every day: They ring at a sound-pressure level of 120 decibels—a level that corresponds with the human pain threshold, according to the World Health Organization.But since the turn of the 20th century, protecting human hearing has taken a back seat to securing quiet for those with means, and punishing those without. Noise-abatement laws transformed an objective concern about environmental and health conditions into a subjective fight over aesthetic moralism.1.According to the first paragraph, urban commotion is not related to____.2.The word “din” (Line 3, Paragraph 2 and Line 2, Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to____.3.Which of the following is true of the hearing damage?4.We may infer from the sixth paragraph that____.5.What does the first sentence in the last paragraph mean?

　　问题1

　　A、personal moral breakdown

　　B、individual emotional state

　　C、city’s or town’s noise pollution

　　D、one’s clamorous surroundings

　　问题2

　　A、a main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

　　B、a room that is comfortable and secluded

　　C、a very loud and unpleasant noise that lasts for some time

　　D、a small buoy used as a marker at sea

　　问题3

　　A、It can be repaired or made better.

　　B、It performs the same function.

　　C、It makes everything sound quieter.

　　D、It is caused by over-exposure to noise.

　　问题4

　　A、noise exerts its hazardous influence on people in cities and towns

　　B、noise above 85 decibels causes significant hearing loss over time

　　C、noise levels of 60 decibels raise one’s blood pressure and heart rate

　　D、sirens at the level of 120 decibels meet with the human pain threshold

　　问题5

　　A、Protecting human hearing used to be of priority in the past.

　　B、Obtaining quiet environment was once the first consideration.

　　C、Both safeguarding hearing and securing quiet are significant.

　　D、Neither protecting hearing nor acquiring quiet is of importance.

　　2、试题答案：第1题:B;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:A;第5题:A;

　　试题解析：

　　1.B

　　【解析】题目是关于第一段中城市喧嚣的表述。题目问根据第一段内容，城市喧嚣与_无关。原文指出：一个世纪以来，城市喧嚣一直被视为是个人道德缺失的表现。解决这个问题需要使环境噪声发生系统性的改变。由此可以判断城市喧嚣与人们的道德缺失、环境噪声等有关，这些因素都可以导致城市喧嚣。只有选项B individual emotional state“个人的情绪状态”在文中没有提到，是正确答案。

　　2.C

　　【解析】题目问第二段第三行和第三段第二行的din是什么意思。该词所在句子为beneath it all is the same omnipresent din: the sound of cars (在这一切的背后都是同样无处不在的_：汽车的声音)以及 But the din of vehicles, along with transit and industrial activity, is making people sick...noise pollution is everywhere (但是汽车的_，以及运输和工业活动，正在使人们生病……噪声污染无处不在)。我们可以推断出这个词与声音、噪声是同义词或近义词，而最接近这个意思的是选项C“一种持续一段时间的、非常响亮而令人不快的声音”。

　　3.D

　　【解析】题目问关于听力损伤哪个选项是正确的，本题涉及多处细节与原文的一致性。文章第六段第一句话提到Concerns about hearing loss largely focus on excessive noise exposure，大意是，对听力损失的关注主要集中在过度接触噪音上。选项D“它是由过度接触噪声引起的”与此信息一致，是正确选项。

　　4.A

　　【解析】题目是对第六段内容的推理判断。选项A“噪声对城镇居民的危害很大”，这一结论可以从第六段的整体内容中推断出来。原文指出，环境噪声也同样不安全。然后分别说明了不同分贝值的噪音对人的伤害。因此选项A是对原文内容的正确推断。

　　5.A

　　【解析】题目问最后一段的第一句话是什么意思。文章最后一段第一句话指出“但自二十世纪以来，保护人类听力已被置于次要地位，对那些有办法的人来说确保安静才是更重要的，而没有办法的人只能受噪音的折磨了”。只有选项A“在过去，保护人类的听力是最重要的”与原文内容相吻合，为正确选项。

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