States will be able to force more people to

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　　4、States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states. The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases. The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited States’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.” The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to. Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state. Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.” 1、The Supreme Court decision Thursday will ____.2、It can be learned from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions ____.3、According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule has ____.4、Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling?5、In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author ____.

　　问题1

　　A、better businesses’ relations with states

　　B、put most online business in a dilemma

　　C、make more online shoppers pay sales tax

　　D、force some states to cut sales tax

　　问题2

　　A、have led to the dominance of e-commerce

　　B、have cost consumers a lot over the years

　　C、were widely criticized by online purchases

　　D、were considered unfavorable by states

　　问题3

　　A、hindered economic development.

　　B、brought prosperity to the country

　　C、harmed fair market competition

　　D、boosted growth in states’ revenue

　　问题4

　　A、Internet entrepreneurs.

　　B、Big-chain owners.

　　C、Third-party sellers.

　　D、Small retailers.

　　问题5

　　A、gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences

　　B、describes the long and complicated process of its making

　　C、presents its main points with conflicting views on them

　　D、cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implications

　　4、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:D;第3题:C;第4题:B;第5题:A;

　　试题解析：第1题:

　　【解析】根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段第一句“States will be able to force more people to paysales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.”，由此可知最高法院的裁决可能让州政府去强制消费者在网上购物时要上交销售税，C项make more online shoppers pay sales tax“让更多的在线购物者支付销售税”，与语义相符，故选C。其他三项与语境不符，排除。

　　第2题:

　　【解析】根据题干定位到文章第二段“...that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.”，由此可知，州政府抱怨之前的政策导致每年税收损失惨重，原政策让州政府很难收取网。上购物的营业税。综合可知，D项were considered unfavorable by state“州政府认为原政策对州不利”为正确答案，故选D。其他三项均不合语义，排除。

　　第3题:

　　【解析】根据题干定位到文章第四段，在大法官安东尼·肯尼迪看来the physical presence rule阻止市场参与者在公平的竞争环境中竞争，言下之意是该规则损害了公平的市场竞争。C项harmed.fair market competition“破坏了市场公平竞争”，与此相符。其他三项均不合语义，故选C。

　　第4题:

　　【解析】根据题干细节“most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling”定位到文章第五段第一句“The ruling is a victory for big chains...”，由此可知这项裁决对于大型连锁公司来说是受益的，从而得出B项Big-chain owners“大型连锁公司”。故选B。

　　第5题:

　　【解析】A项“做客观说明，并讨论其后果”与作者的写作安排相符，其中的its consequences是对最高法院周四新裁决(the Supreme Court decision)之于big chains和各州政府等的意义的概括。A项为正确答案。B项意为“描述该裁决漫长又复杂的制定过程”，纵观全文可知，文章完全没有提到裁决的制定过程，B项可快速排除。C项“通过相互矛盾的观点来展现该裁决的主要内容”，全文并未大篇幅强调“赢家”和“输家”对新裁决的不同观点，C项应排除。D项迷惑性很大，其中的cases为文章第三段的原词。但需注意，该段开头的cases回指第二段中的两项裁决，与D项语境中的cases不是一个意思。此外，即便D项中的cases等同于文中的“两项裁决”，文章在围绕the Supreme Court decision Thursday展开论述时，这些cases及关于这些cases的implications的阐述也只占很少一部分篇幅，不足以概括本篇文章的写作内容。故排除BCD项。

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