In the movies and on television

　　考研的备考中，对于历年真题的复习，也是提升考试分数的重要方法。为了让大家更好的积累学习，小编为大家整理了历年考研真题，下面是关于“In the movies and on television”，希望对大家有更好的帮助。

　　1、In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don't involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:Better hiring practicesCompanies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does, ” says Pedro Domingo, author of The Master Algorithm: How the quest for the Ultimate learning Machine Will Reambe Our World and a computer science 1.( ) One company that's doing this is called Blendoor. It usesanalytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.More effective marketingSome AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. 2.( ) These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.Saving customers moneyEnergy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. “Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much,” says Domingos, 3.( )Improved accuracy“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics which makes data more valuable,“ says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.” 4.( )Protecting and maintaining infrastructureA number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingo's.“ 5."( ) .”

　　问题1

　　A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.

　　B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

　　C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

　　D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.

　　E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

　　F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

　　G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

　　问题2

　　A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.

　　B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

　　C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

　　D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.

　　E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

　　F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

　　G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

　　问题3

　　A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.

　　B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

　　C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

　　D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.

　　E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

　　F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

　　G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

　　问题4

　　A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.

　　B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

　　C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

　　D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.

　　E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

　　F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

　　G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

　　问题5

　　A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you're doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn't have time for.

　　B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

　　C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

　　D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it's useful for employees to go to.

　　E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

　　F、We're also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

　　G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

　　2、boom

　　A、 adj. 不同的;另一个(人)

　　B、 adj. 令人尴尬的，使人难堪的;难对付的，难处理的;不方便的;产生困难的，危险的;笨拙的，不舒适的

　　C、 adj. 知道，意识到，明白;察觉到，发觉，发现;对……有兴趣的，有……意识的

　　D、 n. 激增，繁荣;突然风靡的时期;深沉的响声;水栅;v. 轰鸣，轰响;以低沉有力的声音说;迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛

　　3、bulk

　　A、 adj. 性感的，妩媚的，英俊的，诱人的;吸引人的，令人愉快的;有吸引力的

　　B、 v. 使某物加大(或加厚、加重);n. 预算，主体，大部分;体积，大(量);巨大的体重

　　C、 n. 观众，听众;读者;会见，觐见，进见

　　D、 adj. 声音的;录音的

　　4、Text 1 People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don't break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They "weep" out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart. Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn't always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. "It's like baking a cake: If you don't have exact amounts, it goes wrong;' she says. "The object you make is already a time bomb." And sometimes, it's not the artist's fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen "nature carpets" - large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets - which meant they had to be durable. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardfs sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals "sunscreens" because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases. Despite success stories like van Oosten's, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history - Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on - after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, "and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve ... will have a strong impact on how in the future we'll be seen. 1、According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in________.2、Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are________.3、Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi's artworks to________.4、The author thinks that preservation of plastics is________.5、In Ferreira's opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts________.

　　问题1

　　A、maintaining their plastic items.

　　B、obtaining durable plastic artifacts.

　　C、handling outdated plastic exhibits.

　　D、classifying their plastic collections.

　　问题2

　　A、immune to decay.

　　B、improperly shaped.

　　C、inherently flawed.

　　D、complex in structure.

　　问题3

　　A、keep them from hurting visitors.

　　B、duplicate them for future display.

　　C、have their ingredients analyzed.

　　D、prevent them from further damage.

　　问题4

　　A、costly.

　　B、unworthy

　　C、unpopular.

　　D、challenging.

　　问题5

　　A、will inspire future scientific research.

　　B、has profound historical significance.

　　C、will help us separate the material ages.

　　D、has an impact on today's cultural life

　　5、While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.” Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.1、Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?2、Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women _____.3、According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be _____.4、The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that _____.5、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　问题1

　　A、Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

　　B、Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

　　C、Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

　　D、Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

　　问题2

　　A、need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.

　　B、have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

　　C、are more capable of avoiding stress.

　　D、are exposed to more stress.

　　问题3

　　A、domestic and temporary.

　　B、irregular and violent.

　　C、durable and frequent.

　　D、trivial and random.

　　问题4

　　A、Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

　　B、Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.

　　C、Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

　　D、Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

　　问题5

　　A、Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

　　B、Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

　　C、Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say

　　D、Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

　　1、试题答案：第1题:G;第2题:C;第3题:E;第4题:B;第5题:D;

　　2、试题答案：D

　　3、试题答案：B

　　4、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:D;第5题:B;

　　试题解析：第1题:

　　首先，根据题干关键词museum, faced with, difficulties定位到第一段第七句“All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects”。huge headaches，是题干difficulties的同义替换，再根据all of which得知，答案就是which的指代内容，即：第一段三句至六句But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They "weep" out additives. They melt into sludge.“some plastic materials change over time”(一些塑料材料会随着时间发生改变)，这是博物馆的所遇到的困难，因此选择A。

　　B项是利用段落中的原词设置了干扰，比如durable, plastics;C项无中生有;D项无中生有。

　　第2题:

　　首先，根据题干关键词Van Oosten believes和certain plastic objects定位到第二段第一句“Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten”。 “says Thea van Oosten”对应了题干的 “Van Oosten”，“Certain artifacts”对应了题干的 “certain plastic objects”，所以，能够对应 “vulnerable”的信息就是正确选项。因此选择C项(inherently flawed)就是正确答案。

　　A、D 项在段落中找不到根据，属于无中生有。B项则是利用段落中的原词properly设置了干扰improperly shaped，但是对文中的mix(混合)进行了概念的偷换，换成了shape(塑形)，故也是错误的。

　　第3题:

　　首先，根据题干关键词Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi's artworks定位到第四段最后一句 “Museums locked some of them away in the dark.”其中locked some of them away in the dark被改写成了stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi’s artworks。再通过语义的理解，找到这种做法的目的为第五段的第三句：Van Oosten calls those chemicals "sunscreens" because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. 说明了这些措施的目的，是防止这些艺术品受到更大的光破坏。因此选择D。

　　A、C 项的内容在定位段落中找不到根据，属于无中生有;B选项利用段落中的原词further设置干扰，语义信息在文中则没有根据。

　　第4题:

　　首先，根据题干关键词preservation of plastics定位到第六段第一句话“Despite success stories like van Oosten's, preservation of plastics will likely get harder.”这句话为作者的观点，且是关于塑料物品保存。作者认为要保存塑料物品可能会变得越来越难(will likely get harder)，因此选择D。

　　A、B、C 项在文中均没有根据，属于无中生有。

　　第5题:

　　根据题干信息 Ferreira和preservation of plastic artifacts定位到最后一段第二句至第三句。其中题干中的plastic artifacts对应what we decide to collect;题干中的preservation对应what we decide to prserve;will have a strong impact on how in the future we’ll be seen(对于后代如何看待我们产生重要影响)，能够对应这一信息的是B项，也就是具有深远的历史意义，因此选择B。

　　A项利用段落中出现的原词future设置干扰，但是该选项的信息在段落中没有根据，属于无中生有;C项:将有助于我们区分物品年代，但是段落中说的是确定(define)，而非区分(separate)，属于偷梁换柱;D项利用段落中出现的原词today设置了干扰，但是该选项的信息则在段落中找不到依据。

　　5、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:D;第3题:C;第4题:B;第5题:D;

　　试题解析：第1题:

　　第一段第2句指出：“比起男性，女性在压力下更容易产生抑郁和焦虑”。接着第二段第1句指出：“性激素在某种程度上会影响生物对于压力的反应，导致在承受压力的时候，雌性比相同条件下的雄性分泌更多触发性(引起抑都和焦虑的)化学物质”。综上可知，女性更容易受压力影响是其生理构造决定的，故A为正确选项。其他三个选项在文章第一、二段都无法得出，均排除。

　　第2题:

　　第三段第3句指出;女性“有更多的压力要去处理”;紧接着第4句又指出：女性“要应付如此之多的事情”。综上可知，D选项说女性遭受更多的压力(more stress)，符合原文，为正确选项。A选项：根据第三段第1句中的a woman's increased dose of stress chemical设置的干扰项，原文是说压力导致化学物质分泌增加，没有说这种化学物质有助于应付压力，所以A选项错误。B，C选项：都是根据第三段第4句中的Their capacity for tolerating stress设置的干扰项，原文是说女性忍受压力的能力也许比男性更强，没有提到女性忍受压力的能力有限，也没有提到女性回避压力的能力更强，故均排除。

　　第3题:

　　第四段第2句指出：“我认为女性平时接触到的事情通常具有长期性、反复性的特点”。C选项中的durable，frequent分别是原文中的chronic，repeated的同义替换。而且第5句也继续强调女性面对的压力通常发生在家里，且不止一次(not to be one-shot deals)，即说明这种压力是持久的(durable)和频繁的(frequent)，所以C为正确答案。A选项中的temporary(临时的，暂时的)不符合文意，可排除。B选项中的irregular可以在第四段第4句Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence中找到类似表述，irregular和random是同义词，且violent与violence是同根词，但该句是陈述男性面对的压力有什么特点，与题目不符，故排除。D选项中的random一词也是用来形容男性面对的压力，故也排除。第四段主题：女性面对的压力和男性不一样，女性面对的压力往往具有长期性和反复性，破坏性更大。

　　第4题:

　　根据第五段第5句，阿尔瓦雷斯既要照顾孩子，又要工作、付房租、养车、还债。所以本段主要讲述了阿尔瓦雷斯生活艰辛，生存压力大，只有B选项体现出她的不容易，其他选项不能体现这一点，所以B选项为正确答案。

　　第5题:

　　综合文章各段主题可以得知这篇文章主要讲述的是：女性所面临的压力以及她们在压力下的表现。A选项缺少本文的主题词女性(women)，不能概括本文。B选项有gender一词，但是本文主要强调的是女性，男性只是陪衬，起到对比参照的作用而已，故排除B选项。C选项的chemicals只是文章第二、三段提到的一个小细节，不足以概括全文，也可以排除D选项既有主题词women，也描述了不同性别对于压力的不同反应，概括了原文内容，因而是最佳选项。

　　以上“In the movies and on television”，更多关于考研真题内容将不断更新。