2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：黑客之伤

　　2015考研英语复习正是强化复习阶段，考研英语阅读在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。新东方名师范猛老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。

　　Black hats, grey hairs

　　黑客之伤：白了少年头

　　A shake-up in the hacker underground and freshattacks suggest change is coming to computersecurity

　　地下黑客组织受到打击，新式攻击预示着计算机安全将有所改变

　　Aug 6th 2011 | from the print edition

　　AN 18-YEAR-OLD with 16 computers in a small house in the Shetland Islands: that is where apolice hunt ended for the global nerve centre of LulzSec, a group of hackers whose exploitsinclude defacing or disabling the websites of Rupert Murdoch’s media empire, the CIA, a bunchof gay-bashing American Baptists, and Britain’s Serious Organised Crime Agency. Active fromMay to late June, when it claims to have disbanded, LulzSec’s hallmark was prankish attacksaccompanied by public mockery. As well as officialdom, its targets included computer-securityand online-gaming companies regarded as pompous, complacent or hypocritical.

　　在英国设德兰群岛上的一间小屋里，有一个十八岁的孩子守着十六台计算机，这就是警察搜寻到的LulzSec 的全球控制总部。这个名叫Lulzsec 黑客组织的战绩包括，攻击破坏罗伯特默多克媒体帝国的网站，美国中央情报局网站，美国浸信会中攻击同性恋的网站，还有英国重大组织犯罪署的网站。一直从五月活跃到七月末，它忽然宣布解散。LulzSec特点就是在公众的嘲笑下恶作剧般的攻击。它的目标包括那些自大骄傲虚伪的计算机安全公司和在线游戏公司，还有官僚做派的组织。

　　In geekspeak “lulz” means to laugh at a victim; “sec” is for “security”. But lately themisfortune has mostly been the hackers’ own. Of LulzSec’s six presumed core members,police have arrested at least two, including, in late July, the (now bailed) Scottish teenager JakeDavis. The most expert, who goes by the alias Sabu, is still at large. About 15 members ofAnonymous, a shadowy collective of skilled, politically motivated hackers, are also in policecustody worldwide, according to Gregg Housh, a Boston man who ran computer servers for itbut denies involvement in illegal hacks.

　　在奇客语言中，“lulz”是嘲笑受害者的意思。“sec”的意思是安全。但是最近这种厄运降临到黑客自己身上。警察已经逮捕了LulzSec的前任六名核心成员中的两名，其中有一名苏格兰少年杰克•戴维斯(现已保释)。组织核心，化名为萨布的成员仍然在逃。根据一个名叫格列哥•豪斯的波士顿人称，“匿名”组织有大约十五名技术精湛的骇客在世界范围被监禁。这个组织的成员一般因为政治原因行动，格列哥•豪斯为此组织运营计算机服务器，但是他否认参与了非法攻击。

　　Authorities in America, Australia, Britain, France, theNetherlands, Norway and elsewhere are arrestinghigh-profile hacktivists and threatening them withreal-life jail (without, horrors, internet access). Old-fashioned policing, such as less severe sentences forthose who snitch, is proving effective: “These arecriminal networks and there are known techniquesfor dealing with criminal networks,” says NilsGilman of Monitor 360, a consultancy.

　　美国，澳大利亚，英国，法国，荷兰，挪威等国的当局都在高调追捕那些骇客，并且以拘留(没有，恐怖，没有网上)为挟。这种旧式整顿，比如说轻微的判刑对于这些小偷小摸的人说，有效果。360监控的咨询师尼尔斯•吉尔曼说“这些就是犯罪网络，但是已经有对付犯罪网络的技术了”。

　　Amid this pressure the hacker underground, riven by squabbles and splits over personalityand policy, has turned on itself. Cyber civil wars have broken out, with rivals attacking eachothers’ computers and attempting to discover and reveal their real-world identities. LulzSecitself emerged from such a row a little more than three months ago when it broke off fromAnonymous. The quarrel, about which targets deserved attack, was particularly bitter, says MrHoush.

　　这些地下黑客组织不光面临着外界压力，在个性和政策上的争执分歧也让自己焦头烂额，引火烧身。网络内战已经爆发，竞争对手间互相攻击对方的计算机网络，试图去揭发泄露对方现实身份。LulzSec 同三个月前他和“匿名”断交前相比，现在更多的参与到其中。豪斯先生说，关于攻击目标的争论，尤为激烈。

　　Upon forming, LulzSec distanced itself from its parent. The older group had been launchingcomputer attacks against MasterCard, Visa, PayPal and others that had blocked donations toWikiLeaks. The LulzSec team of self-described “evil bastards” wrote in a press release that itpreferred to abuse more ordinary folks and organisations for “a jolt of satisfaction”. Devilryseemingly trumped high-minded politics: the aim, says Mr Housh, was entertainment, “screwing with a person until he can’t take it anymore”. But some more puritanical hackers haveturned vigilante, trying to disrupt LulzSec. Its antics, they say, encourage official crackdownson internet freedoms.

　　刚刚组建，LulzSec 就同其母体组织保持距离。旧的团体曾经对万事达，威士卡，贝宝和其它的一些停止对维基泄密提供资金的公司发动攻击。而LulzSec团队自我描述成“魔鬼私生子”曾在发布稿中写过，它更愿意去攻击更普通的平民或者组织，只是为了纯粹的满足感。邪恶好像是高尚的政治正义感更胜一筹。豪斯先生说：纯粹为了娱乐，和一个人死磕到底直到他动弹不得。但是一些清教徒式的黑客成为了治安专员，想要搞垮LulzSec。他们认为，它的各种离经叛道的行径就是在鼓励当局限制网络自由。

　　Not in it for the money

　　不是为了钱

　　Groups such as Anonymous and LulzSec are notmotivated by money, but they can still wreakfinancial havoc. Following the theft of roughly 100monline gamers’ account details in April, Sony shutdown its PlayStation Network for nearly a month at acost of about $171m. A loss in consumer trust hasadded to that toll. Anonymous and LulzSec oftenpost stolen data online to brag and attractpotential recruits. But others can and do attempt tocash in on the loot. David Pérez of Taddong, a Madrid-based consultancy, says stolen bank-account or credit-card details often end up in online black markets. Illicit software automatesmany of these bourses, says Gordon Snow, assistant director of the cybercrime division inAmerica’s FBI. Sellers and buyers need not communicate directly, so closing deals is less risky.

　　像“匿名”和LulzSec这样的团体不为钱驱使，但是他们仍旧能摆脱经济上困窘。四月大概有一亿在线玩家的账户被盗，之后索尼就将它自己的PSN关了近一个月的时间，花了大概1.71亿美元。由于失去了客户信任，增加了损失。“匿名”和LulzSec 经常在网上展示偷来的数据，用来显摆或者吸引新人眼球。但是其他人可以也尝试利用这些战利品来趁机捞一把。来自马德里一家名叫塔东咨询公司的大卫•佩雷斯说，那些偷来的银行账号或者信用卡详细资料最终都会落到线上黑市交易。美国联邦调查局的网络犯罪部门助理司长戈登•斯诺说，非法软件让许多线上交易所自动交易。卖家和买家不需要直接沟通，做成交易没多大风险。

　　Lately LulzSec has changed tack, branding itself a champion of the oppressed, perhaps toshake off accusations of political indifference and sadism. A grandiloquent statement issuedafter Mr Davis’s arrest said: “We are sick of the twisted corporatocracy that controlsus…united, we can stomp down our common oppressors and imbue ourselves with the powerand freedom we deserve.”

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