2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：黑客之伤

　　最近LulzSec改换了策略，给自己定位为打压受害者，或许是想要摆脱政治冷漠和施虐的帽子。戴维斯先生被捕之后发表了一段大言不惭的讲话：“我们厌倦了那些复杂的公司王国来控制我们，让我们团结，我们能轻易击败普通的压迫者，并且给我们自己我们需要的自由和力量。”

　　Even as the hacking underworld has splintered, new threats are emerging. The agenda forBlack Hat USA, a security shindig this week in Las Vegas, ranges from the perennial flaws ofMicrosoft’s software to newly discovered weaknesses in Apple laptops’ batteries, in mobiledevices running Google’s Android operating system and in wireless water-meters.

　　就在地下黑客内部四分五裂的时候，新的威胁又出现了。在本周拉斯维加斯的美国黑帽安全峰会上，所议问题包括微软层出不穷的漏洞，还有刚刚发现苹果手提电脑电池，运行谷歌安卓运系统的移动设备，移动水表的各种问题。

　　The growth of “cloud” computing makes life harder for hackers overall (because firms that runcloud systems will on average have better security) but when a breach occurs, it offers biggergains. LulzSec recently claimed (on flimsy evidence) that it had made Apple “our bitch for life”by pillaging passwords and source code from the iCloud servers built to dispatch photos,music and other data to customers’ iPhones, iPads and computers. As mischief has becomeeasier, the hacker crowd has burgeoned and mutated. Ilias Chantzos of Symantec, acomputer-security company, says it has far outgrown its nerdy roots in a subculture of brainysocial outcasts fuelled by pizza deliveries and fizzy drinks.

　　云计算的成长让黑客雪上加霜(因为运行云系统的公司总的说来有更好的安全水平)但是，一旦出现缺口，黑客就有更多的收获。苹果云服务器是用来将图片，音乐和其它数据发送到顾客的苹果手机，平板电脑，计算机的服务系统，而最近LulzSec宣称(尽管证据不足)它已经把用户密码和资源代码从云系统中盗了出来，将其变成了“我们终身的婊子”。随着内部不和升级，黑客组织生出新芽，产生巨变。计算机安全公司赛门铁克的伊利亚斯•肯兹说，现在黑客群体已经不仅仅局限于它当初的起源人群，那些每天靠吃比萨外卖二氧化碳汽水为生的书呆子，这些社会次文化中头脑活跃的边缘团体。

　　The lower technological barriers to entry—no matterthe motive—have led to what the FBI’s Mr Snowrefers to as hacking’s “industrialisation”. Supportersof Anonymous and LulzSec have stoked the fire, hesays, thanks to the spread of new easy-to-usesoftware called “hacking toolkits”. These automateattacks and can be configured to deface or crash awebsite, or even snatch goodies ranging fromcredit-card details to industrial designs. Sometoolkits also offer “drive-by download”. This turns awebsite into a trap that hijacks visitors’ computers(or phones), even if they have not clicked on anything.

　　技术门槛低并且不看动机导致了现在如联邦调查局的斯诺先生所说的黑客工业化的情况。他说，由于一个一个简单实用的名为黑客工具包的软件的传播，“匿名”和LulzSec 的支持者们也能跟着煽风点火。这些自动程序可以攻击或者能被设置能破坏或者使网站瘫痪，甚至顺带着攫取一些甜头，从信用卡细节资料到工业设计。一些工具包也提供偷渡下载，这就将网站变成了一个陷阱，只要访客的计算机(或者手机)点击到了网站的任何东西，那就被黑了。

　　The hacktivists may do most damage by providing cover for more sinister efforts. A report thisweek by McAfee, a computer-security company, reveals the results of a five-year probe calledOperation Shady RAT, examining attacks that use “Remote Access Tools” to inveigle access tocomputer networks. It does not name the perpetrator (some fingers are pointed at China) butlists 72 victims, from sporting authorities to the governments of America, Canada, India, SouthKorea, Taiwan, and Vietnam, plus defence contractors and many other firms. Dmitri Alperovitchof McAfee describes the intrusions as “the biggest transfer of wealth in terms of intellectualproperty in history”. Kenneth Geers of NATO’s cyberwar centre in Estonia says the hackingboom makes it easier for cyber-spies to pass off their work as the handiwork of a misguidedrebellious teenager. Not so funny after all.

　　黑客活动因为为一些更为恶性的行为提供屏蔽而造成了更多伤害。计算机安全公司迈克菲这周发布的报告发布了一个名叫“Shady RAT”为其五年的调查结果，有哪些攻击是使用“远程访问工具”来诱击计算机网络的。它并没有指出作案者的姓名(一些的指向在中国)，但是列举出了72个受害者，包括体育当局，美国，加拿大，引渡，南韩，台湾和越南的政府还有国防承包商其他的许多公司。迈克菲副总裁狄米崔•阿帕罗维奇把这些入侵描述成“历史上最大的知识产权的财富交易”。爱沙尼亚的北约网站肯尼斯•吉尔斯指出，黑客蓬勃发展让网络间谍有机可乘，视工作为误入歧途的叛逆青少年的手工小制作。但是没那么有趣罢了。

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