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[考研英语]英译汉试题中常见的重要短语及典型句型

2013-04-26 00:00:00来源：网络
　　6．no more...than... (= not...any more than) 和……—样都不……(表示前后都否定)
　　例1：The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。
　　例2：There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink．
　　译文：他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
　　例3：More and more Afro-Americans see him as a tricky enemy who has no more love for them than he has for the Congolese．
　　译文：越来越多的美国黑人认识到他是个诡计多端的敌人。他仇视美国黑人，正像他仇视刚果人民一样。(直译：…，他不爱美国黑人，正像他不爱刚果人一样。)
　　注释：not...any more than是no more...than的一种强调形式。
　　例如：
　　1) Jack is no more intelligent than John. (=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.)
　　杰克与约翰一样都不聪明。
　　2) A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.) 人不会飞翔，就像鸟不会说话一样。
　　3) As a nation, the French are no more eager to 1earn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. (=As a nation，the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.)
　　作为一个国家，法国正如日本一样不积极地从他们的战争失败中吸取教训。
　　上述例句表明，no more...than并不表示比较，而是表示比喻，含有比喻意义的比较级用于否定时，than后面的从句不用否定式，但译成汉语时要用否定式。而与上述句型意义相反的是：no less...than，意为：“和……同样是……”。例如：
　　Human is no less an animal than a monkey is. 人和猴都是动物。
　　而no less than 的意思为：“简直是，实在是”，例如：
　　1) It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price. 如此索要高价，简直是敲诈。
　　2) It is no less than a scandal. 这实在是一件丑闻。
　　7．not nearly (=by no means，far from) 远不
　　例1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
　　译文：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。
　　注：1) this是指上面提到的“到21世纪初世界人口将增加到60亿或70亿”。2) 又如：There are not nearly enough people here to do the job．(这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。)
　　8．“更不用说”的表示法：
　　much less
　　still less
　　以上两短语引导的词组或从句，表示一种追加的否定，less是由little的比较级，所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中，可译为“更不用说，更不必说”。
　　to say nothing of
　　not to speak of
　　not to mention
　　let alone
　　这四个词组也意为 “更不用说”，也是一种追补的说法。但它们与much less和still less有所不同。这些词组可以随前一句的意思而定，即前一句是肯定，则追加的也是肯定意义；如果前一句是否定，则追加的是否定意义
　　例1：I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings.
　　译文：我不能同意这种行为，更谈不上参加这些行动了。
　　例2：He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry．
　　译文：他几乎不懂数学，更不用说化学了。
　　例3：I did not even see him, still less (= much less) shake hands with him.
　　译文：我看也没有看见过他，哪里还谈得上同他握手呢?
　　例4：In old China, here was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry.
　　译文：在旧中国，几乎没有什么机器制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。
　　例5：Sally takes singing and dancing lessons, to say nothing of swimming and tennis lessons.
　　译文：莎莉学了唱歌和舞蹈课，而且还学了游泳和网球课。
　　例6：At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries.
　　译文：那时他连普通生活都不能维持，更不要说奢侈品了。
　　例7：They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two 1ovely daughters.
　　译文：他们有了三个好儿子，而且还有两个可爱的女儿。
　　例8：I don"t know algebra or geometry，not to mention calculus．
　　译文：我连代数、几何都不懂，更不必说微积分了。
　　例9：A11 they have to do is press a button，and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.
　　译文：他们所要做的只是按一下电钮，就能看到各种戏剧、电影、歌剧和各式各样的演出，而且还能看到各种政治辩论和最近举行的激动人心的足球赛。
　　例10：I can"t add two and two, let alone do fractions.
　　译文：我连2加2都不会，更不要说做分数题了。
　　注意：美国成语词典认为let alone只能用于追加的否定。但是，有的词典认为，该短语也可以引导追加的肯定。例如：There were five people in the car, let alone the luggage and the two dogs.
　　9．nothing else than 完全是，实在是
　　例1: What the man said was nothing else than nonsense.
　　译文：那人讲的话完全是一派胡言。
　　例2: Your success was due to nothing else than your own diligence.
　　译文：你的成功完全是由于你自己的勤奋。
　　10．It is not that...but that... 这不是说……，而是说……
　　例1: It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
　　译文：这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和另一种情况下所用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。
　　11．can not...too... 再……也不过分
　　例1: We cannot be too careful of health. 我们无论如何注意健康也不为过。
　　例2: You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. 你开车时再小心也不过分。
　　例3: We can not be too faithful to our duties. 我们必须尽力忠于职守。
　　12．other...than... 或other than... 不同于，非；除了
　　例l: Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined.
　　译文：提炼矿石的厂房通常不是设在采矿石的国家而设在其它国家。
　　例2: Reactions other than the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together.
　　译文：当这些反应物放在一起时，常发生不希望有的一些反应。(即：…常发生与希望有的反应不同的反应。)
　　例3: All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition.
　　译文：除了窗之外，屋子的其它部分都完好无损。
　　13． ... the last + n. + 不定式或定语从句：意为“…最不可能的……”
　　例1: She would be the last person to go along with the scheme.
　　译文：她可能会是最不同意这项计划的人。
　　例2: That"s the last thing I"d expect you to do.
　　译文：那是我最不期望你做的事情。
　　14．It is asserted that．．．有人断言．．．
　　It is believed that．．． 据认为．．．．，人们相信．．．．
　　It is considered that．．．有人认为．．．
　　It is reported that．．．据报道．．．
　　It is said that．．．据说．．．．
　　It is supposed that．．．据推测．．．
　　It is told that．．．据传．．．
　　It appears that看来似乎．．．，好像．．．
　　It is well known that．．．众所周知．．．
　　It is estimated that．．．据估计．．．
　　It was pointed out that．．．有人指出．．．
　　It is generally accepted that．．．人们通常认为．．．，一般认为．．．，大家公认．．．
　　It is alleged that．．．人们断言．．．
　　It is claimed that．．．有人主张．．．，人们要求．．．
　　It cannot be denied that．．．不可否认
　　It has been found that．．．实践证明
　　It is predicted that．．．据估计．．．，据预测．．．
　　It is suggested that．．．有人建议．．．
　　15．It goes without saying that．．． 不言而喻，……
　　例：It goes without saying that in order to speak good English, we must first of all learn good pronunciation.
　　译文：不言而喻，为了讲好英语，首先必须学好发音。
　　16．It is common knowledge that… 众所周知，……
　　例：It is common knowledge now that Chinese people are very intelligent.
　　译文：众所周知，中国人和很聪明。
　　17．It occurs to sb. that… (某人) 想起……
　　例1: It occurred to me suddenly that I had met him somewhere.
　　译文：我突然想起在什么地方见过他。
　　例2: It occurred to me that she was jealous of me.
　　译文：我突然发觉她嫉妒我。

本文关键字: 考研英语英译汉试题

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