2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：蜜蜂和杀虫剂

　　The researchers note that another British study found levels of imidacloprid in rape crops thatwere seven times higher than the food supplied by the researchers.

　　研究人员指出另一个英国研究项目发现油菜作物里的吡虫啉含量要比研究人员提供的食物里的吡虫啉含量高七倍。

　　Dr Whitehorn's paper does not propose a mechanism by which pesticides do their damage.

　　博士Whitehorn的论文没有说明杀虫剂实施破坏的方法。

　　But the second study, by a group led by Mickal Henry at the French National Institute forAgricultural Research, in Avignon, may shed some light on the matter.

　　由法国国家农业研究院的Mickal Henry带队实施的第二项研究可能这个事情带来曙光。

　　Inspired by previous laboratory-based work, which had suggested that sublethal doses ofneonicotinoids damage honeybees' memories, their ability to forage, and their ability tonavigate back to their hive afterwards, Dr Henry decided to conduct some tests in the wild.

　　先前实验室工作表明亚致死剂量的新烟碱会损害蜜蜂的记忆、它们的觅食能力和它们返回蜂群的能力，受此启发，Henry博士决定在野外做一些测试。

　　To that end, he and his colleagues glued tiny radio transmitters to the thoraxes of workerbees.

　　为此，他和同事们将微型无线电广播发射机系在工蜂的胸前。

　　These triggered a detector on the hive whenever a worker bearing one returned from aforaging trip.

　　在工蜂觅食返回的途中，会在蜂群里触发探测器。

　　Some hives were given realistic doses of thiamtethoxam, a variety of neonicotinoid, whileothers were left alone.

　　给一些蜂群用一定剂量的阿克泰，其他的则不用，

　　Dr Henry found that around twice as many treated bees as untreated ones failed to return tothe hive.

　　Henry博士发现用药的不能返巢的蜜蜂数量是没有用药的两倍。

　　That, mathematical models indicate, might easily cause a hive to collapse.

　　所以数学模型更容易的显示出一个蜂群的瓦解。

　　Colony club

　　蜂群俱乐部

　　Moreover, even if it did not do so alone, it could be a contributing factor.

　　此外，如果没有单独做这些工作，这会是一个起作用的因素。

　　Many researchers believe the label colony collapse disorder covers a multitude ofproblems; that would account for the long list of possible causes.

　　很多研究人员相信蜂群衰竭失调涵盖了很多问题，可以列出很多原因。

　　But neonicotinoids have the explanatory virtue of being a fairly recent development andalso one which, as these two pieces of work suggest, could be a common factor inweakening a colony without actually pushing it over the edge.

　　但是新烟碱在最近的研究和这两项工作中做给出了解释，它是在没有外部因素的作用下削弱蜂群的一个原因。

　　The killer blow would then be administered by something else: a mite infestation, perhaps, ora fungal infection, or whatever else happened to turn up that a healthy hive would haveshrugged off.

　　以下原因也可以被视为蜂群杀手如寄生虫肆虐、霉菌感染，或者导致蜂群健康降低的其他事情。

　　A paper published earlier this year in Naturwissenschaften, for example, showed that evensmall doses of neonicotinoids weakened bees' resistance to Nosema, a common fungalparasite.

　　今年早些时候自然科学杂志刊登的一篇论文说小剂量的新烟碱削弱蜜蜂对小孢子虫的抵抗力。

　　A few countries, including France, Germany and Slovenia, have already restricted the use ofneonicotinoids because of worries about their effects on bees.

　　包括法国、德国和斯洛文尼亚在内的一些国家已经限制了新盐碱的使用，他们担心这种杀虫剂会给蜜蜂造成影响。

　　It would help other places that are thinking of following suit if more realistic trials wereconducted in the future, in conditions that mimic nature as closely as possible in the way thatthese two experiments have done.

　　这有助于其他地方考虑是否要在将来在模拟自然环境的条件和以上两个试验的条件尽可能接近的条件下更多的实际试验。

　　That might be more expensive than the present way of doing things, in which tests are mostlyconfined to laboratories and are concerned with finding out how much insecticide isneeded to kill bees outright.

　　试验受实验室的约束，并且为了能知道多大剂量才能杀死蜜蜂，花费可能要比当前昂贵。

　　But the growing evidence that insecticides damage bees in subtle ways means it would bemoney well spent.

　　越来越多的证据表明杀虫剂对蜜蜂的损害是慢性的，所以这个钱值得花。

　　词语解释

　　1.work out 解决;作出;锻炼

　　Britain, too, must work out what it wants from theeu.

　　英国也必须解决一个问题，即本国想从欧盟得到什么。

　　New cars often suffer quality glitches that automakers try to work out over time.

　　新款汽车常常存在质量上的毛病，需要生产商花时间来解决。

　　2.suffer from 忍受,遭受

　　A smaller number suffer from other sleep-disordered breathing.

　　患有其它睡眠呼吸紊乱的比例更小。

　　All three panelists suffer from mental illnesses themselves.

　　这三个小组成员本身就患有精神疾病。

　　3.expose to 暴露于;公开揭露

　　Expose to a chance of loss or damage.

　　使有可能遭受损失或损害。

　　This signifies that the film rated may contain some material parents might not like toexpose to their young children-material that will clearly need to be examined or inquiredabout before children are allowed to attend the film.

　　这意味着此级别的电影可能含有某些家长不想让儿童看到的内容在让孩子观看前明显需要检查和了解的内容。

　　4.both and 两个都;既…又…

　　Both paths will ultimately lead to defaults, inflation, or both and so to losses for creditors.

　　这两种方式最终都将导致违约、通胀或两者兼而有之，从而给债权国造成损失。

　　The difference between "jane" and "jane, whom I adore" and the difference between themboth and "jane-whom I adore-" marks all the distance between ecstasy and heartache.

　　“简”与“简，我深爱她”两句之间的差别，以及这两句与“简我深爱她”之间的差别，标明了醉心与伤心之间的距离。

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