2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：日本的企业家

　　Many of the giants are struggling.

　　很多的领袖搜在努力着。

　　The cost of starting a firm is plunging thanks to cloud computing and other innovations.

　　创建一家新企业的花费得益于云计算和其他一些创新。

　　Mr Horie says he is financing his new ventures through crowdfunding networks such asCampfire.

　　堀江贵文说，他正在通过群众募资网站为他的企业筹资，例如： 萤火网站。

　　The government could help to remove plenty of other hurdles to entrepreneurship.

　　政府可以帮助去除很多阻碍企业家精神的障碍。

　　One difficulty for science and technology start-ups is that large Japanese firms have signed upexclusive rights for the bulk of university discoveries.

　　创业的科学技术难点之一就是日本的大公司会签约买下大量的大学研究成果。

　　Small, disruptive firms are not usually able to access and develop them. And awidespreadnot invented here mindset stops established firms joining up with small ones tocommercialise new ideas.

　　这样子就会导致小公司无法很好的发展。一个广为流传的不要在这里起家的心态也使得公司不想要去和小公司合并。

　　As a result many recent ventures—such as DeNA and GREE, two social-gamingoperators—have been internet and software businesses that depend less on research, notesDaisuke Iwase, a founder of Lifenet, an online insurance firm.

　　结果使得现在很多的企业—像DeNA和格力，两家社交类游戏经营公司—都经营着网络和软件这些不太依赖于调查的业务，一家网上保险公司救生网的创建人Daisuke Iwase阐述道。

　　There is too much talent chasing after smartphone apps and social gaming, he says.

　　继智能手机应用软件和社交类游戏之后，有太多类似的很棒的应用陆续出现，他说道。

　　So, some experts have recommended forcing large firms either to develop the discoveries towhich they have the rights, or else to pass them on.

　　因此，一些专家建议，强制大公司继续买断大学研究成果，或者把研究成果转让。

　　Japan's entrepreneurs still feel vulnerable to sudden crackdowns, and fear they would bepunished more harshly than big-business chiefs.

　　日本的企业家们因为这样的制裁而身心疲惫，他们害怕自己会受到比这些大公司领导更为严厉的惩罚。

　　Last year GREE unexpectedly found itself under investigation for possibly violating gamblinglaws.

　　去年，格力公司意外地发现自己可能由于违反赌博法律，而处于被监视状态。

　　Its young, billionaire founder, Yoshikazu Tanaka, has since tried to ingratiate himself with theestablishment:

　　格力旗下年轻的亿万富翁田中良和试图让自己符合与公司制度：

　　he now appears in a suit, not a T-shirt.

　　现在，他在公司不穿体恤衫而改为西装了。

　　In all, much has to change before Japan becomes a kinder place for those trying to createbusinesses.

　　总而言之，在日本变得很适合创业者们生存之前，还有许多的改变需要去做。

　　There is a risk that Abenomics fails and brings about quite a different sort of rupture in thecorporate climate, says Jeffrey Char, an entrepreneur and investor.

　　安倍经济复苏计划存在着失败的风险，这将会使得公司合作风气破裂，杰弗里查说道。杰弗里查是一位企业家，也是一位投资商。

　　If the central bank's radical monetary loosening is not followed by thorough deregulationand strong growth, the result could be a sovereign-debt crisis.

　　如果中央银行的货币放松政策没有彻底的实施和强有的巩固的话，可能会导致严重的主权债务危机。

　　In such a crisis many of Japan's biggest firms could collapse, says Mr Char:

　　在这样一种危机下，很多日本的大公司都将会瓦解，杰弗里查说道：

　　that would leave people with no choice but to start their own businesses. Boostingentrepreneurship through reforms would certainly be less painful.

　　这将会使人们没得选择，只能创建新公司。通过改革而刺激企业家精神明显是一个更好的选择。

　　词语解释

　　1.involve in 使参与,陷入，牵扯到

　　2.A lot of laws administrative statutes divisionalregulations local statutes party disciplines. Legalexplanations etc. involve in administrativeobligations.

　　很多法律、行政法规、部门规章、地方性法规、党规党纪和司法解释等对行政责任都有所涉及。

　　Do not involve in that matter, otherwise you will.

　　千万不要卷入那件事情中去，否则你将自食其果。

　　2.be convicted of 宣判有罪

　　And 35 years since he vanished, never to be seen again but to be convicted of murder in hisabsence.

　　35年来他销声匿迹，但仍被缺席判定为有罪。

　　3.design to do 设计做

　　I want the design to do a good job heart and soul.

　　我全心全意的想把设计做好。

　　The fundamental purpose of design is to communicate a message and motivate theviewer to do something.

　　设计的基本意图是传达一个信息并激发观众做某些事情。

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