2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》英国的比尔盖茨在哪

　　When it comes to finance, Britain lags not only Silicon Valley, where many entrepreneurs see investing in the next generation as a sort of moral responsibility. In 2010 high-tech firms in Israel attracted $1.3 billion in venture capital, nearly twice as much as in Britain, whose economy is ten times as big. George Osborne, the chancellor of the exchequer, made some progress in his most recent budget by increasing the tax relief available for investors in start-ups. He should now look at the capital-gains tax regime: investors who make speculative bets and hit the jackpot should be able to keep and reinvest more of their winnings.Designing a system that rewards such risks but does not allow people to shelter their income from tax is tricky, but not impossible. It would help British businesspeople to think bigger, too: the absence of funding for growth is one reason some sell up at a relatively early stage. The 50% top income-tax rate creates further problems, by making it harder for entrepreneurs to recruit and retain the best people.

　　当说到财政，英国不仅仅拖慢了硅谷的发展，在那里企业家寻求投资下一代的公司作为一种道德上的义务。在2010年以色列高科技公司吸引了13亿美元的风险投资，这是比其经济体大10倍的英国所吸引到的投资的两倍。英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本通过为投资者投资新公司增加税收减免，在他最近的预算中做出行动。他现在应该盯着资本收益税收机构:做出可疑赌注的和做出最大赌注的投资者应该能够保持和再次投入比他们获益更多的资金。设计一个系统能够弥补这种风险并且让群众不能通过这样的税来隐藏他们的收入是很难处理的，但并不是不可能。这也能够让英国的商人想的更广:缺少自己用以公司的成长是一些公司在较早时期出售公司的一个原因。高达50%的个人所得税带来了更多的麻烦，这让企业家难以吸引和留住优秀的人才。

　　The gripe about Britain being poor at gestating bold entrepreneurs is an old one: the stereotype is of boffins who are good at generating ideas, but lose out to thrusting Americans when it comes to monetising them. There would be less truth in that caricature if British graduates in disciplines such as science and engineering gained some familiarity with business as part of their studies (it is noteworthy that the best British universities discourage students from earning money while they learn, while at American ones most are obliged to).

　　对英国不擅于孕育出一个敢于冒险的企业的抱怨是很久前就提到出来的: 这个固定的看法是属于那些擅于创新的研究人员的，但这样研究人员却在美国提出雇佣他们的时候大量流入到美国。假如英国的理工科的大学生在学业中学到了一些关于商业的知识的话，在这样的讽刺中反映出来的将不会是实际的情况(值得注意的是顶尖级的英国大学劝学生在学习是不要去挣钱，然而美国学生普遍都被迫这样做)

　　How do you know who will be the entrepreneurs?

　　你怎么知道谁会是下一个企业家?

　　The government should be more relaxed about bolstering the supply of indigenous entrepreneurs with foreigners, as well as about admitting more workers with technical and commercial skills that are in short supply. Beneath its wrongheaded, headline goal to slash net immigration, the government has sensibly made sure that a route remains open for entrepreneurs. The trouble is, it is not always obvious which would-be newcomer will end up striking gold: when a six-year-old Sergey Brin emigrated from Russia to America with his family, it was not yet clear that he would one day co-found Google. By cutting the numbers of foreign students it allows in, current immigration policy is shrinking the commercial pool as well as the academic one. London is a magnet for creative types everywhere; capitalise on that—and let more of them in.

　　政府应该对于提高本地和外国企业家帮助采取更加放松的态度，同时也应让更多工人掌握缺乏的科学技术和商业技术。在错误的指导下，报纸头条指责入境移民净数，政府政府切合实际地确认了一条始终对企业家开放的途径。问题是，很难知道这些新的企业家谁会最后成功: 当一个六岁的孩子谢尔盖•布林与家人从俄罗斯移民到美国，那时都没人知道他有一天会成为谷歌联合会的创始人。通过削减英国准许的外国留学生数量，现在的移民政策是在压缩英国的商业油藏和学术油藏。伦敦对世界各地的创新模式的公司都有吸引力;对他们投资并让更多的公司进来。

　　Mr Cameron is keen on the tech industry, seeing it as a source of growth in lean times, and a way of weaning the economy off its dependence on flighty finance. Should our imaginary tech superstar materialise, it would be a shame if Britain’s Bill Gates were turned away at the border, or left Britain of his own accord for another country where his talents would be more generously nurtured and rewarded.

　　卡梅隆先生更喜欢高科技工厂，视其为拮据时期的发展资源，和不景气的经济摆脱对变化无常的金融业的依赖。我们所想的科技巨头应该快速成型，如果英国的比尔•盖茨离开英国或者让他去到一个让他得到更好培养和收获的合适国家，这将对英国来说是一个羞辱的事情。

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