2016考研英语冲刺：2010年阅读真题text1核心词汇

　　[第四段]

　　virtually /5v\:tFUElI/ adv事实上;实际上;几乎：It’s virtually impossible to convince him to eat vegetables. 要说服他吃蔬菜几乎是不可能的。(S1)

　　solely / 5sEUllI/ adv仅;只：It seems he’s not solely to blame for the accident. 发生这起事故似乎不能只怪他。 (S2)

　　essay /5eseI/ n [C] 散文; 随笔： an essay on endangered species 一篇关于濒危物种的文章 (S2)

　　game of cricket板球比赛：A typical game of cricket has 11 players in each team. 在典型的板球比赛中，每队有11名队员。(S2)

　　foremost /5fR:mEUst/ adj 最杰出的; 首要的：She’s the world’s foremost authority on the subject. 她是该学科全世界首屈一指的权威。(S3)

　　stylist /5staIlIst/ n [C] 文体家：In German he was an exquisite stylist, and he brought to that language a new sensitivity in the art of storytelling. 在德国，他是一位高雅的文体家， 他的小说写作艺术将一种全新的感受带入德语这种语言之中。(S3)

　　autobiography /9R:tEbaI5CgrEfI/ n [C]自传：In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. [2008年考研阅读理解Part C] 在他的自传中，达尔文谈到自己的智力时极其谦虚。(S3)

　　best-seller /9best5selE(r)/ n [C] 畅销书：His new book went straight to number one on the best-seller list. 他的新作一上市便位居畅销书排行榜榜首。(S3)

　　knight /naIt/ v [T] 封(某人)为爵士：He was knighted in the last Honours List for services to industry. 他因在工业界的贡献而被封为爵士，列入最新受勋者名册。(S4)

　　honor /5CnE(r)/ v [T] 给……以荣誉;向……表示尊敬：We are here today to honor the men and women who gave their lives for their country. 今天我们在此向那些为祖国献出生命的人们表示敬意。(S4)

　　in print(书)可买到的：He was surprised to find her work was still in print. 看到她的作品还在出售，他觉得奇怪。(S5)

　　body of大批;大量：There is a large body of support for nuclear disarmament. 拥护裁减核军备的人很多。(S5)

　　save /seIv/ prep〈文〉除了： Nothing was required of him on this ship save to entertain his guest. 在这条船上， 除了招待客人以外没有什么事情需要他去做。(S5)

　　specialist /5speFlIst / n [C]专家：a web design specialist 网页设计专家(S5)

　　[第五段]

　　revival /rI5vaIvl/ n [C,U] 复苏;振兴：The US and the UK have expectations of economic revival. 美国和英国对经济复苏有所期待。(S1)

　　prospect /5prCspekt/ n [C, U] 希望;可能性;前景：There is no prospect of a settlement of the dispute. 这场纠纷根本不可能解决。(S2)

　　postmodern /9pEUst5mCdn/ adj后现代的：a post-modern building后现代主义建筑(S3)have little/no use for sth用不着;不需要：Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. [1996年考研英语知识运用] 尽管过量的维生素对身体没有营养价值， 但是获得足够的维生素对生命而言是必不可少的。 (S3)

　　richly /5rItFlI/ adv华美地;堂皇地;华丽地：She was richly dressed in the height of fashion. 她穿着最时髦的时装，显得雍容华贵。(S3)

　　upholstered /9Qp5hEUlstEd/ adj经过装饰的：They walked on a melancholic upholstered path of falling leaves. 他们走在一条落叶纷飞的小道上，悒郁充塞其间。(S3)

　　specialize in sth专门从事;专攻：There are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. [2008年考研阅读理解Part A Text 2] 这些学科的专业出版社在全世界有两千家以上。(S3)

　　amateur /5AmEtE(r)/ n [C] 业余爱好者：This tennis tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals. 这次网球锦标赛业余运动员和职业运动员都可以参加。(S4)

　　headlong /5hedlCN/ adv迅猛地;飞速地：The ship rushed headlong through the darkness at its top speed. 航船以最高速度冲破黑暗向前行驶。(S4)

　　retreat /rI5tri:t/ n [C, U] 撤退;退却;改变主意：This represents a retreat from the Chancellor’s usual policies. 这意味着总理常规政策的转变。(S4)

　　[选项词汇]

　　carry /5kArI/ v [T] (指报纸或广播)登载，播出：Today’s papers carried full reports of the President’s visit. 今天报纸上登载了总统访问的详尽报道。(I21)

　　retain /rI5teIn/ v [T] 保持;保留：The house retains much of its original charm. 这所房子保持着许多原有的魅力。(I21)

　　suitability /9su:tE5bIlEtI/ n [U] 适合：In view of his educational background and experience, no one doubts his suitability as a leader. 鉴于他的教育背景和经验，大家都认为他适合当领导。 (I21)

　　characterize /5kArEktEraIz/ v [T] (常被动)使……具有特点： The city is characterized by tall modern buildings in steel and glass. 这座城市以现代化的钢铁和玻璃高层建筑为特点。 (I22)

　　theme /Wi:m/ n [C]主题：The theme of loss runs through most of his novels. 他的大多数小说中贯穿着迷失这一主题。(I22)

　　casual /5kAVUEl/ adj 随意的：He made some casual remarks about her holiday. 他随口说了几句关于她度假的话。(I22)

　　elaborate /I5lAbEreIt/ adj精心制作的：She had prepared a very elaborate meal. 她做了一顿精美的饭菜。(I22)

　　layout /5leIaUt/ n [C] 版面：He is doing layout for newspapers and magazines. 他正在为报纸和杂志设计版面。(I22)

　　radical /5rAdIkl/ adj 激进的：She is radical in her demands. 她的要求十分偏激。(I22)

　　viewpoint /5vju:pRInt/ n [C] (=point of view)态度; 观点：She will have her own viewpoint on the matter. 她对这个问题会有她自己的看法。(I22)

　　fulfill / fUl5fIl/ v [T] 完成; 实现：He wouldn’t be able to fulfill his ambition to visit Naples. 他将无法实现游览那不勒斯的愿望。(I23)

　　contemptible /kEn5temptEbl/ adj可鄙的;卑劣的：Theft is a contemptible behavior. 盗窃是一种卑劣的行径。(I23)

　　appeal (to sb) 对某人有吸引力; 使某人感兴趣： The show’ s direct approach will appeal to children. 这场演出直截了当的方式将会吸引孩子们。(I24)

　　reputation /9repjU5teIFn/ n [C, U] 名声;名誉：They will do anything to undermine their adversary’s reputation. 他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。(I24)

　　in dispute处于争论中;在争议中：The exact cause of the accident is still in dispute. 事故的真正起因仍有争议。(I24)

　　cater to迎合;满足需要：shops catering to knowledgeable elite [2006年考研阅读理解Part A Text 1] 满足知识分子需要的商店(I24)

　　good old days当年;美好的往日：Such situations are generally followed by a regretful backward glance at the good old days. 这样的情形通常会伴随着一次对从前美好时光充满遗憾的回顾。(I25)

　　horizon /hE5raIzn/ n [S] 地平线：A ship appeared on the horizon. 在天水交接处出现了一艘船。(I25)

　　mournful /5mR:nfl/ adj悲哀的;令人悲痛的：I couldn’t bear the mournful look on her face. 我受不了她脸上那忧伤的神情。(I25)

　　prominent /5prCmInEnt/ adj杰出的;卓越的;重要的：a prominent Russian scientist一位杰出的俄国科学家(I25)

　　句式分析

　　①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the

　　状语 定语从句

　　past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in

　　状语 主语 谓语 表语部分

　　the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. (P1)

　　表语部分

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为...the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline...，逗号之前的of介词短语作状语，of在此并非表示所属关系，而是表示部分与整体的关系，说明比较的范围。在此of介词短语中，包含一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词changes。在此that定语从句中，介词短语in English-language newspapers和during the past quarter-century分别作地点状语和时间状语。the most far-eaching后省略了中心词change， 这是一种名词性省略，它与句首的all the changes形成语意上的前后照应关系。decline之后的in介词短语作后置定语，修饰decline。其中，代词their指代前半句提及的English-language newspapers。该句为文章第一段唯一的一句话，开门见山，干净利索，主题显豁，过目难忘。

　　② It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age

　　形式主语 谓语 表语 程度状语 不定式复合结构作真正的主语

　　of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most

　　定语从句

　　big-city newspapers. (P2S1)

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为It is difficult...for the average reader...to imagine a time...。其中，it为形式主语，而真正主语则是不定式复合结构for the average reader... to imagine a time when...。介词短语to the point of impossibility作程度状语，对difficult作进一步说明。介词短语under the age of forty是the average reader的后置定语，说明reader的具体情况。关系副词when引导的限定性定语从句修饰time，在此定语从句中，high-quality arts criticism作主语，could be found作谓语，而in most big-city newspapers则作地点状语。该句指出，以前报纸上的艺术评论繁盛一时，而这种辉煌是如今不到40岁的普通读者难以想象的。

　　③Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in

　　连词 主语部分

　　the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. (P2S2)

　　谓语 宾语

　　[分析] 该句的主干结构为...collections of criticism...consisted in large part of newspaper reviews。形容词短语a considerable number of the most significant为前置定语， 而过去分词短语published in the 20th century则是后置定语， 它们共同修饰主语中心词collections of criticism。句首yet表示转折， 上句说到现在很难找到高质量的文艺评论， 本句笔锋直转， 说明过去的具体情况， 指出在20世纪出版的大量具有最重要意义的评论文集中， 报纸评论占据了很大部分。

　　④To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were

　　主语 谓语 表语部分 同位语从句

　　once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. (P2S3)

　　同位语从句

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that...。句中包含两个动词不定式，前一不定式作主语，后一不定式作表语。这种类似的情况在英语中颇为常见， 如：To know yourself well is to esteem yourself little.(有自知之明的人不会自大。)在后一不定式中，还包含一个由关联词that引导的同位语从句，修饰先行词fact。本句又回到如今的情况，讲述读到这种源于报纸评论的书籍会使读者对这样一种事实感到大为惊讶，那就是这些书籍中博大精深的内容曾被认为适合刊登在面对大众发行的日报上。这一句再次说明了报纸上的艺术评论已今非昔比，句中的today和were once呈时间上的对比关系。

　　⑤We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in

　　主语 谓语 表语部分 后置定语

　　England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time

　　后置定语 同位语部分

　　when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to

　　定语从句

　　the publications in which it appeared. (P3S1)

　　定语从句

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews...，其后为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰newspaper reviews。句子的主干结构为主系表结构， 形容词removed与介词from连用作表语，这种搭配是固定的，不可省略或更改。在修饰newspaper reviews的过去分词短语中，between...and...结构作时间状语，逗号之后的介词短语at a time...为此时间状语的同位语，而此同位语中又包含两个限定性定语从句， 第一个定语从句when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications修饰先行词time， 第二个定语从句in which it appeared修饰先行词the publications。在第一个定语从句中，包含一个由并列连词and连接的并列结构， 前一分句为主系表结构newsprint was dirt-cheap，后一分句为被动语态，an ornament to the publications为主语stylish arts criticism的补足语。第二个定语从句由介词in + which结构引导，在这种情况下，which指物，不可由that替代。

　　⑥Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning

　　主语 谓语 表语 并列连词 主语部分

　　lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what

　　插入语 谓语 补足语

　　they were about. (P3S3)

　　[分析]该句为由并列连词and连接的并列句， 其主干结构为Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers...could be trusted to know what they were about。并列连词and连接了前后两个分句，前一分句为简单句，后一分句为复合句。在第二个分句中，关系代词who引导的限定性定语从句修饰先行词those reviewers，同时介词短语like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman为插入语，给出了those reviewers的具体例子。后一分句属于被动结构， 动词不定式to know what they were about作主语those reviewers的补足语， 在此不定式中名词性从句what they were about作动词know的宾语。

　　⑦“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up

　　主语 谓语 宾语1 补足语1 宾语2 补足语2 结果状语

　　in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of

　　结果状语 主语+谓语 结果状语从句

　　contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’” (P3S5)

　　结果状语从句

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为Newman wrote...， 双引号之内的为直接引语， 为Newman所写的内容。直接引语为so...that...结构， 直接引语的主句为Newman wrote之前的部分， brains和 literary gift共同作have的宾语， 而其后的两个enough分别作它们的补足语， 动词不定式to keep their own end up in journalism为结果状语。Newman wrote之后的部分为结果状语从句， 其中am tempted to define为动词性复合谓语， ‘journalism?蒺为宾语， as短语作宾语补足语， 在此as短语中， 过去分词短语applied by writers who are not read to writers who are为a term of contempt的后置定语， 而在此过去分词短语中， 又包含有两个由关系代词who引导的定语从句， 分别修饰其前的writers， 第二个定语从句who are承前省略了read， 补充完整为who are read(读者欢迎的)。此过去分词短语的结构为sth applied by A to B(某物被A应用于B)。