2018考研英语强化复习：掌握40个经典长难句

　　11. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation， the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.

　　【译文】由于这种鼓励技术创新的积极方法，美国工人很容易就掌握了机械技术中要求的那种独特的非语言思维方式。

　　【析句】given是介词，意为"考虑到，如果"，e.g. Given their inexperience， they've done their best. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经尽力了。take与介词百搭，这里的take to意为"开始; 从事; 喜欢; 形成 ... 的习惯; 容易学会"。像take、make这种看起来简单实际上复杂的单词的搭配及用法需要考生多总结、多运用。

　　12. The mechanic should sit down among levers， screws， wedges， wheels， etc.， like a poet among the letters of the alphabet， considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts， in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.

　　【译文】技工应该坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔子、轮子等工具周围，就像诗人被字母围绕，把它们当做思路的展示，每一个新组合都传达一个新想法。

　　【析句】句子的主干是The mechanic should sit down…， like a …， considering them as…， in which a...。有些考生可能会困惑，considering现在分词引导的状语从句修饰的是the mechanic，还是a poet。状语从句可以放在句首，也可放在句尾。如果从句提前，那么很明显，修饰的是the mechanic。也可以通过分析句子主干判断。

　　13. The Aswan Dam， for example， stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

　　【译文】例如，阿斯旺大坝阻挡了尼罗河的洪水，但埃及也失去了洪水退去后留下的肥沃淤泥--这一切换来得是一个使人们疾病丛生的巨大水库。如今水库里积满了淤泥，基本上无法发电。

　　【析句】句子的主干是the Aswan Dam stopped...but deprived ...。stopped和deprived是有转折关系的并列成分。that floods left作fertile silt的定语从句。破折号后all in return ...是省略了"引导词+be"的非限制性定语从句即(which was)all in return for...。非限制性定语从句中又有which引导的定语从句，which is now ...silt修饰a giant reservoir.后面的that构成so...that...的固定搭配。

　　14. This week， in the heart of civilized Europe， Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.

　　【译文】本周在文明的欧洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人为了多瑙河上的一处水坝所引起的争端，差一点就派出了部队。

　　【析句】stop short of 意为"突然停止;未到达"，引申义相当于be close to.英语中名词结构应用十分广泛，可与所对应的的名词互换，使行文简洁生动。如本句中的in their contention over...就等于contend over(for)"争夺，斗争"。

　　15. Meanwhile， in India， the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam.

　　【译文】同时，世界银行已经贷款给印度建造纳尔达玛大坝，简直是错上加错。

　　【析句】这句话中两个单词用的很好，一个是go-ahead。give go-ahead to do sth意为"允许、批准做某事"，比起allow sb to do sth更加形象生动。另一个是wrong-headed，意为"固执己见的，坚持错误的"，与go-ahead形似，前后呼应。

　　16. Think of Gallileo's 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. (1998.阅读.Text.A)

　　【译文】想想十七世纪，伽利略由于叛逆性的信仰受到天主教会的审判，或是诗人威廉姆布莱克对艾萨克牛顿的机械的世界观所提出的尖锐批评。

　　【析句】句子的主干是一个祈使句，Think of...Gallileo's trial... or William Blake's harsh remarks...，of后有两个并列的宾语，宾语后分别跟介词短语for his rebelling...和against the mechanistic worldview...。注意多在作文中灵活运用介词替代重复出现的动词会有很不错的效果哦!

　　17. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well， from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.(1998.阅读.Text.A)

　　【译文】一项关于1996年的新闻故事的调查显示，很多其他组织也被贴上了反科学的标签，比如提倡消灭最后一批储存的天花病毒的机构和某些提议削减基础研究资金的共和党人。

　　【析句】句子的主干是A survey of ... reveals that...，宾语从句的主干是the anti-science tag has been attached to...groups。from...to...此处相当于such as...，每个例子分别含有一个定语从句who advocated...和who advocated，由and连接表示并列关系。

　　18. They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.(1998.阅读.Text.A)

　　【译文】他们只有一点是相同的，就是想惹怒或恐吓那些自认为更文明的人。

　　【析句】句子很短，但包含两个从句，that they tend to...作the only one thing的同位语从句，同位语从句里又包含一个定语从句who regard themselves...

　　19. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary -- the dangers of drug interactions， for example -- and many are required by state or federal regulations， it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. (1998.阅读.Text A)

　　【译文】警告往往是恰当且必要的，比如提醒药物反应带来的危险，有些警告也是州法或联邦法律所要求的。但事实上，若使用者受伤，法律条款并没有明确地保护生产商或销售者使其不必承担责任。

　　【析句】整句话的主干是主句+时间状语从句，主句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是they actually protect...from liability，主句里又包括一个if引导的条件状语从句;while引导的时间状语从句中，有两个并列的分句warnings are...and many are...。破折号中间的内容属于插入语，抓主干时可暂时省略。

　　20. As personal injury claims continue as before， some courts are beginning to side with defendants， especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. (1998.阅读.Text A)

　　【译文】随着人身伤害起诉案件一如既往地不断增加，一些法庭的判决开始偏向被告，尤其是在商品警告标签可能起不了多大作用的情况下。