2018考研英语强化复习：掌握40个经典长难句

　　【析句】整句话由主句some courts are beginning...+时间状语从句as personal injury claims...as before构成。其中，主句更为复杂，又包括一个where引导的定语从句，时态虚拟为语气wouldn't have changed...。

　　21. At the same time， the American Law Institute -- a group of judges， lawyers， and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.(1999.阅读.Text A)

　　【译文】与此同时，美国法律研究所--由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重--发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。

　　【析句】首先把破折号中间的插入语省略不看，句子的主干是the American Law Institute issued new guildelines for tort law，stating that ...是动名词引导定语从句，可以另写为which stated...。再看插入语中，包含一个whose引导的定语从句。正是各种从句的存在使得整句话显得复杂难解，也是考生在作文中应该借鉴之处。

　　22. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate， then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. (1999. 阅读. Text 5)

　　【译文】如果实验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。

　　【析句】首先抓主干，主干是一个带有条件状语从句的复合句If experiments are planned and carried...， then it is perfetly logical...。if条件状语从句中有一个比较结构as faithfully as the reports...indicate，相比较的成分是experiments are planned and carried out 和the reports...indicate，因为动词不同，所以后面不能用do代替，例如He runs faster than I do。主句中出现了it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to expect research to...。

　　23. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. (1999. 阅读. Text 5)

　　【译文】审计人员也完全有理由相信，确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要在一只眼盯着显微镜时，还要分心用另一只眼睛盯着现金计数器。

　　【析句】因为it此处作形式主语替代不定式引导的主语从句，所以真正的句子主干应该是to believe that... is entirely reasonable.主语从句中的主干是scientists should not be distracted by the necessity...register，后面有while引导的时间状语从句。主语从句里又包含多个从句：who know ...引导定语从句，修饰scientists;where...goingand how...there是know的宾语从句。长句里包含从句，从句中又包含从句，是英语长句难以理解的主要原因。

　　24. Nor， if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect， is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team." (1999. 阅读. Text 5)

　　【译文】如果科学家们做试验和写论文一样步骤规范、遵守要求，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中"思维与众不同的人"、喜欢其中思想较为传统的"善于团队合作"的人而受到指责了。

　　【析句】英语复合句中，从句的位置比较灵活，可根据需要放在句前、句中、句后。这里就是从句放在句子的例子，割裂了主句，增加了阅读的困难程度。本句是由一个完全否定的主句nor is management to be blamed for...和一个条件状语从句组成的if regularity and conformity are...as...as...(比较结构)构成。主语从句中连续用了三个介词，for表原因，aganist表反对，in favor of表支持，要注意英语中介词的应用;thinkers后是who引导的定语从句。

　　25. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War， it had a market eight times larger than any competitor， giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. (2000. 阅读. Text A)

　　【译文】二战结束后，美国恰好进入了这样一个繁荣时期，它当时的市场是任何竞争者的八倍大，这使得其工业具有前所未有的规模经济。

　　【析句】本句是复合句，主干是it had a market ....competitor when the United States entered...。主句里，it指代美国;此处有一个比较结构：倍数+形容词比较级+than+比较的对象;逗号后，动名词引导非限制性定语从句，相当于which gived its...。

　　26. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors， which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age， was going to be the next casualty. (2000. 阅读. Text A)

　　【译文】人们曾一度以为，半导体制造业会是下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的产业，而在新计算机时代居于核心地位的半导体正是美国人发明的。

　　【析句】句子的主干是It looked as though...， look与sound、sense等感官动词一起作连系动词，因此，as though 引导表语从句the making of semiconductors was going to...casualty. 注意两个逗号之间是两个并列的which引导的定语从句修饰the making of semiconductors。

　　27. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females， but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity， and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.

　　【译文】每出生一百位女婴就约有一百零五位男婴降生，但到成年，这一比例基本持平，七十多岁的老人里，健在的老年女性的数量是老年男性的二倍。

　　【析句】这个长句比较简单，是由三个简单句由and、but连接，形成简单的并列或转折关系，每个简单句中没有增加句子长度的从句。

　　28. This means that， for the first time， there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.

　　【译文】这意味着到了男孩寻找伴侣的关键年龄将首次出现男孩过剩。

　　【析句】这是一个很典型的复合长句，首先抓主干，主句是一个简单句This means that...，从句在mean后是宾语从句;主句没有从句，这意味着不必分析"主从";看"从从"，宾语从句there will be an...years后有一个when引导的时间状语从句。至此，基本的逻辑关系就分析清楚了。

　　29. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.

　　【译文】今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化，意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中、上层中已经失去了80%的效力。

　　【析句】句子的主干是The grand mediocrity of today means that...(主句)+the natural selection...(宾语从句)，破折号之间是伴随状语;主句和从句中都没有进一步的从句，因此整句话相对来说不难理解。

　　30. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion， it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at， for， however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today， it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. (2000. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。

　　【析句】这一复合句的主干包括一个主句it is advisable to find out... aiming at和两个从句：时间状语从句when...fashion，原因状语从句for it is possible...。主句中find out后是what引导的宾语从句，it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式。时间状语从句比较简单，而原因状语从句算得上整句话的难点，首先因为for与它引导的从句被割裂，必须跳过两个逗号之间的部分将引导词和从句连接起来才能理解这句话的意思;其次，原因状语从句还带有一个让步状语从句，however farfetched ...may seem today，而且为倒装。