2017考研英语词汇背诵：2010阅读真题高频词

　　句式分析

　　①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the

　　状语 定语从句

　　past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in

　　状语 主语 谓语 表语部分

　　the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. (P1)

　　表语部分

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为...the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline...，逗号之前的of介词短语作状语，of在此并非表示所属关系，而是表示部分与整体的关系，说明比较的范围。在此of介词短语中，包含一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词changes。在此that定语从句中，介词短语in English-language newspapers和during the past quarter-century分别作地点状语和时间状语。the most far-eaching后省略了中心词change， 这是一种名词性省略，它与句首的all the changes形成语意上的前后照应关系。decline之后的in介词短语作后置定语，修饰decline。其中，代词their指代前半句提及的English-language newspapers。该句为文章第一段唯一的一句话，开门见山，干净利索，主题显豁，过目难忘。

　　② It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age

　　形式主语 谓语 表语 程度状语 不定式复合结构作真正的主语

　　of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most

　　定语从句

　　big-city newspapers. (P2S1)

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为It is difficult...for the average reader...to imagine a time...。其中，it为形式主语，而真正主语则是不定式复合结构for the average reader... to imagine a time when...。介词短语to the point of impossibility作程度状语，对difficult作进一步说明。介词短语under the age of forty是the average reader的后置定语，说明reader的具体情况。关系副词when引导的限定性定语从句修饰time，在此定语从句中，high-quality arts criticism作主语，could be found作谓语，而in most big-city newspapers则作地点状语。该句指出，以前报纸上的艺术评论繁盛一时，而这种辉煌是如今不到40岁的普通读者难以想象的。

　　③Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in

　　连词 主语部分

　　the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. (P2S2)

　　谓语 宾语

　　[分析] 该句的主干结构为...collections of criticism...consisted in large part of newspaper reviews。形容词短语a considerable number of the most significant为前置定语， 而过去分词短语published in the 20th century则是后置定语， 它们共同修饰主语中心词collections of criticism。句首yet表示转折， 上句说到现在很难找到高质量的文艺评论， 本句笔锋直转， 说明过去的具体情况， 指出在20世纪出版的大量具有最重要意义的评论文集中， 报纸评论占据了很大部分。

　　④To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were

　　主语 谓语 表语部分 同位语从句

　　once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. (P2S3)

　　同位语从句

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that...。句中包含两个动词不定式，前一不定式作主语，后一不定式作表语。这种类似的情况在英语中颇为常见， 如：To know yourself well is to esteem yourself little.(有自知之明的人不会自大。)在后一不定式中，还包含一个由关联词that引导的同位语从句，修饰先行词fact。本句又回到如今的情况，讲述读到这种源于报纸评论的书籍会使读者对这样一种事实感到大为惊讶，那就是这些书籍中博大精深的内容曾被认为适合刊登在面对大众发行的日报上。这一句再次说明了报纸上的艺术评论已今非昔比，句中的today和were once呈时间上的对比关系。

　　⑤We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in

　　主语 谓语 表语部分 后置定语

　　England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time

　　后置定语 同位语部分

　　when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to

　　定语从句

　　the publications in which it appeared. (P3S1)

　　定语从句

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews...，其后为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰newspaper reviews。句子的主干结构为主系表结构， 形容词removed与介词from连用作表语，这种搭配是固定的，不可省略或更改。在修饰newspaper reviews的过去分词短语中，between...and...结构作时间状语，逗号之后的介词短语at a time...为此时间状语的同位语，而此同位语中又包含两个限定性定语从句， 第一个定语从句when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications修饰先行词time， 第二个定语从句in which it appeared修饰先行词the publications。在第一个定语从句中，包含一个由并列连词and连接的并列结构， 前一分句为主系表结构newsprint was dirt-cheap，后一分句为被动语态，an ornament to the publications为主语stylish arts criticism的补足语。第二个定语从句由介词in + which结构引导，在这种情况下，which指物，不可由that替代。

　　⑥Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning

　　主语 谓语 表语 并列连词 主语部分

　　lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what

　　插入语 谓语 补足语

　　they were about. (P3S3)

　　[分析]该句为由并列连词and连接的并列句， 其主干结构为Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers...could be trusted to know what they were about。并列连词and连接了前后两个分句，前一分句为简单句，后一分句为复合句。在第二个分句中，关系代词who引导的限定性定语从句修饰先行词those reviewers，同时介词短语like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman为插入语，给出了those reviewers的具体例子。后一分句属于被动结构， 动词不定式to know what they were about作主语those reviewers的补足语， 在此不定式中名词性从句what they were about作动词know的宾语。

　　⑦“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up

　　主语 谓语 宾语1 补足语1 宾语2 补足语2 结果状语

　　in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of

　　结果状语 主语+谓语 结果状语从句

　　contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’” (P3S5)

　　结果状语从句

　　[分析]该句的主干结构为Newman wrote...， 双引号之内的为直接引语， 为Newman所写的内容。直接引语为so...that...结构， 直接引语的主句为Newman wrote之前的部分， brains和 literary gift共同作have的宾语， 而其后的两个enough分别作它们的补足语， 动词不定式to keep their own end up in journalism为结果状语。Newman wrote之后的部分为结果状语从句， 其中am tempted to define为动词性复合谓语， ‘journalism?蒺为宾语， as短语作宾语补足语， 在此as短语中， 过去分词短语applied by writers who are not read to writers who are为a term of contempt的后置定语， 而在此过去分词短语中， 又包含有两个由关系代词who引导的定语从句， 分别修饰其前的writers， 第二个定语从句who are承前省略了read， 补充完整为who are read(读者欢迎的)。此过去分词短语的结构为sth applied by A to B(某物被A应用于B)。