2017考研英语词汇背诵：2010阅读真题高频词

　　定语从句

　　[分析]本句的主干结构为Malcolm Gladwell argues that...。谓语argues后紧跟由that引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句的主干结构为“social epidemics” are driven ...by the actions of ...。过去分词结构often called influentials作插入语，进一步说明special individuals;句末，who引导的定语从句则修饰special individuals，说明有影响力人士的共同特征。

　　②The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely

　　主 语 谓 语 宾 语

　　untested theory called the "two-step flow of communication": Information flows from the

　　定语

　　media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.(P2S1)

　　同位语

　　[分析]本句的主干部分为The supposed importance of influentials derives from a...theory...。宾语theory前的形容词词组plausible-sounding but largely untested为定语，意为“一项听起来似乎合情合理却未经证实的”，过去分词结构called the“two step flow of communication”充当后置定语，修饰theory。冒号后的句子是two step flow of communication的同位语，解释说明“二级传播理论”的具体内容。

　　③Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow

　　主语 依据状语

　　theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and

　　谓语 宾语 方式状语

　　colleagues directly.(P4S2)

　　[分析]本句使用的是it is ...who...的强调句式，强调的是句子的主语these non-celebrity influencials，其非强调句形式为：these non-celebrity influentials are supposed to drive social epidemics，句首的precisely为程度副词，起强调作用，介词according to引导的结构充当依据状语，说明句中阐述的观点是依据“二级传播”理论提出的。句末介词by引导的结构则充当方式状语，即“以直接影响他们的朋友以及同事的方式，推动社会潮流的传播”。

　　④For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence

　　目的状语 转折连词 主语1 后置定语 谓语1

　　his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how

　　宾语1 定语从句

　　many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial

　　主语2 谓语2 宾语2

　　influential.(P4S3)

　　[分析]本句and连接的两个并列分句构成，前一分句的主干结构为each person so affected must influence his or her acquaintances…，句首的for a social epidemic to occur为目的状语。该分句中acquaintances后是who引导的定语从句修饰。第二个分句的主干结构为how many others pay attention to each of these people little to do with the initial influentials，其中主语为从句how many others pay attention to each of these people。

　　⑤If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove

　　条件状语从句

　　resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many

　　插入语 主语 谓语1 状语 谓语2 宾语

　　people. (P4S4)

　　[分析]本句是包含条件状语从句的主从复合句，其主干部分为the cascade of change won?蒺t propagate...or affect...。句首If引导的条件状语从句，说明主句叙述的现象产生的条件。介词短语in the network和two degrees removed from the initial influence为主语的后置定语， 说明这些人的特征，即“在社会网络中处于中间层级，非直接接受有影响力人士影响的那些人”。for example 为插入语，表示本句是对第四段句③的举例说明。

　　⑥Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the

　　状语 主语 谓语

　　dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of

　　宾语 方式状语1

　　populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence

　　方式状语2 定语

　　others and their tendency to be influenced. (P5S1)

　　[分析]本句为简单句，主干结构为the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence...。句首的现在分词短语Building on...为条件状语。宾语后by引导两个并列的方式状语，分别为by conducting...和(by)manipulating...。方式状语2中的现在分词短语relating to...作后置定语修饰variables(变量)，说明变量的两大相关种类：人们影响他人的能力(people’s ability to influence others)和人们受他人影响的意愿(their tendency to be influenced)。