考研英语历年真题（2006年英语一真题及答案）

　　21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.

　　A. identifying B. associating

　　C. assimilating D. monopolizing

　　22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_____.

　　A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.

　　B. became intimate shops for common consumers.

　　C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.

　　D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.

　　23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _____.

　　A. are resistant to homogenization.

　　B. exert a great influence on American culture.

　　C. are hardly a threat to the common culture.

　　D. constitute the majority of the population.

　　24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

　　A. To prove their popularity around the world.

　　B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.

　　C. To give examples of successful immigrants.

　　D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.

　　25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_____.

　　A. rewarding B. successful

　　C. fruitless D. harmful

　　文章解析：

　　根据中心统一原则确定，文章首段主题句是In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 尽管人们对社会差异性有没完没了的争议，美国仍然是一步神奇的同化国民的机器。

　　第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 移民很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。

　　第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” 1990年的人口普查表明“绝大多数移民在美国居住10年后英语说得好或很好，他们来自15个最常移民的国家。”

　　第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” 在外国出生的亚洲人和西班牙人比土生土长的美国白人和黑人的通婚比例高。

　　第五段确定段落内容方向的语句是Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks. Rodriguez注意到，世界各地住在偏远村庄的孩子是诸如阿诺德施瓦辛格和加思布鲁克斯这类超级巨星的影迷。

　　第六段确定段落内容方向的语句是Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? 美国存在分裂问题和骚动吗?

　　不难发现，这篇文章围绕着美国的移民问题来展开。

　　题目解析：

　　21.识词题The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.

　　选项A. identifying识别、认为……等同于、确定;

　　B. associating 使联合、使发生联系;

　　C. assimilating 使同化、吸收;

　　D. monopolizing 独占、垄断。

　　该题将识别的短语“homogenizing”在文章中定位到第一段首句In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 作为识词题，按照“方位论原则”：在识别词汇后面找表示“解释说明，逻辑关系”的表达，或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇前面出现。“In spite of “endless talk of difference,””，表达的是in spite of引起的转折关系。因此，homogenizing应与前文中的difference构成反义，只有C. assimilating “同化”符合题意。因此答案为C。

　　22.细节题According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_____.

　　选项A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.

　　在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。

　　B. became intimate shops for common consumers.

　　成为普通消费者的私人商店。

　　C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.

　　满足有知识的精英们的需求。

　　D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.

　　商店的出现是消费文化出现的结果。

　　该题利用定位词“the department stores of the 19th century”定位到文章第一段People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. “人们融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的“消费文化”，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”。可见，the culture of consumption是由这些百货商店发起的。选项A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.在大众文化传播方面发挥作用，与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化”直接关联;选项B. became intimate shops for common consumers.成为普通消费者的私人商店，与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联;选项C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.满足有知识的精英们的需求，与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联;选项D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.商店的出现是消费文化出现的结果，与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为A. played a role in the spread of popular culture在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。

　　23.细节题The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _____.

　　选项A. are resistant to homogenization. 拒绝均质化。

　　B. exert a great influence on American culture.对美国文化施加重大影响。

　　C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对公共文化几乎没有威胁。

　　D. constitute the majority of the population. 占美国绝大多数人口。

　　该题利用定位词“immigrants”定位到文章第二段Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.“移民很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。” 选项A. are resistant to homogenization. 拒绝均质化，与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联;选项B. exert a great influence on American culture.对美国文化施加重大影响，与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联;选项 C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对公共文化几乎没有威胁，与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”直接关联，动作“对公共文化几乎威胁”对应于“不会毒害人们”，体现“同意替换”的关系;选项 D. constitute the majority of the population. 占美国绝大多数人口，与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联。 因此，正确答案为C. are hardly a threat to the common culture对公共文化几乎没有威胁。

　　24.结构题Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

　　选项A. To prove their popularity around the world.

　　证明他们在世界的受欢迎程度。

　　B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.

　　表明人们对移民的恐惧。

　　C. To give examples of successful immigrants.

　　给成功移民举例子。

　　D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.

　　表明美国文化的巨大影响力。

　　该题将例子“Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks”定位到文章第五段Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”根据结构题方位论原则，找例子对应的论点句。因此，例子后面相邻的句子yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”“但是一些美国人担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响。”是论点。选项A. To prove their popularity around the world. 证明他们在世界的受欢迎程度，与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”没有任何关联;选项 B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.表明人们对移民的恐惧，与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”没有任何关联;选项C. To give examples of successful immigrants.给成功移民举例子，与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”没有任何关联;选项D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.表明美国文化的巨大影响力，与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”直接关联，动作“担心为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”对应于“表明美国文化的巨大影响”，体现 “同意替换”的关系。因此，正确答案为D. To show the powerful influence of American culture表明美国文化的巨大影响力。

　　25.主旨题 In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_____.

　　选项A. rewarding 有益的 B. successful 成功的

　　C. fruitless 未果的 D. harmful 有害的

　　该题作为主旨题反映作者观点态度的题目，根据“方位论原则”：作者的观点体现在文章尾段的主题句或倒数第二段体现“I”的句子中。题目定位到文章尾段主题句But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.“但是，当审视美国过去的骚动时，当今的美国社会各项指标不能表明社会环境变得腐败黑暗”，体现作者的态度是美国社会当前的现状还好。因此，正确答案为B. successful 成功的。

　　全文翻译尽管人们对于美国社会的差异性有没完没了的争议，美国还是一部神奇的同化国民的机器。美国社会呈现出“服饰和话语趋于平民化、一致化，自在随意和尊重缺失”通俗文化的特点。人们融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的“消费文化”。与那些迎合知识精英的优雅舒适的商店不同，这些百货商店有优雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品，不论阶层和背景如何，任何人都可以进入。从而使得购物成为一种公众的、民主的行为。而均质化的其他推动力还包括大众传媒、广告和体育。

　　移民很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。Gregory Rodriguez为《国家移民论 坛》撰写文章，他在报道中指出，如今移民既没有创新高，也不拒绝被同化，1998年移民占美国人口总数的9.8%，而1990年移民人口所占比例是13.6%。现在要考虑一下同化的三个指数：语言，住房所有权和通婚。

　　1990年的人口普查表明“绝大多数移民在美国居住10年后英语说得得好或很好，他们来自15个最常移民的国家。”而这些移民的孩子往往会说双语，精通英语。“到了第三代，大多数移民家庭都不会说他们的本国语了。”因而美国被描述为语言的墓地。到1996年，那些在外国出生，于1970年前移民美国的人拥有的房屋的比例达到75.6%，高于土生土长的美国人的房屋拥有比例，后者为69.8%。

　　在外国出生的亚洲人和西班牙人比土生土长的美国白人和黑人通婚比例高。到了第三代，三分之一的西班牙裔女性嫁给非西班牙裔男士，而41%的亚裔美国女性嫁给非亚裔人士。

　　Rogriguez注意到，世界各地住在偏远村庄中的孩子是诸如阿诺德•斯瓦辛格和加思•布鲁克斯这类超级巨星的影迷。但是一些美国人担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该过同化作用的影响。

　　美国存在分裂问题和骚动吗?没错。国家大了，就会什么东西都会有点儿。但是，当审视美国骚动的过去时，今天的各项社会指标还不能表明社会环境变得腐败黑暗。

　　Text 2

　　Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry---William Shakespeare---but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.

　　The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

　　The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus---and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side---don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.

　　The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.

　　Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

　　It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)-lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.

　　26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_____.

　　A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.

　　B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.

　　C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.

　　D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.

　　27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.

　　A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.

　　B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.

　　C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.

　　D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.

　　28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_____.

　　A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.

　　B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.

　　C. the town is not really short of money.

　　D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.

　　29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_____.

　　A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.

　　B. the company is financially ill-managed.

　　C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.

　　D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.

　　30. From the text we can conclude that the author_____.

　　A. is supportive of both sides.

　　B. favors the townsfolk’s view.

　　C. takes a detached attitude.

　　D. is sympathetic to the RSC.

　　文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，

　　文章首段主题句是Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. 正如我们所知的那样，Stratford-on-Avon只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚。但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构。

　　第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. Stratford-on-Avon可敬的居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收

　　第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. 但是，常看戏的人在看戏同时的确会观光一些地方。

　　第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. 但该镇居民却不认可这种观点，地方议政厅并不直接给皇家莎士比亚公司拨款。

　　第五段确定段落内容方向的语句是Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. 无论怎样，该镇居民不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款。

　　第六段确定段落内容方向的语句是It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. 将票价大幅度提高很可惜，因为这会将那些对Stratford最值得拥有的年轻客户赶跑。

　　不难发现，这篇文章围绕着埃文河盘的斯特拉特福镇的唯一产业---威廉.莎士比亚：皇家莎士比亚公司和该镇居民之间的问题来展开。

　　题目解析：

　　26.推断题 From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_____.

　　选项A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.

　　居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献。

　　B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.

　　皇家莎士比亚公司的演员们台上台下都模仿莎士比亚。

　　C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.

　　皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构相处不够融洽。

　　D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.

　　居民在旅游业中收益很少。

　　该题目作为推断题，要明确找到指定的前两个段落的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”，第一段段落中间句没有转折词，段落首句Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.“正如我们所知的那样，Stratford-on-Avon只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚。但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构。” 和第二段段首句The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.“Stratford-on-Avon可敬的居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收。” 选项A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献，与相关信息句动作“只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚;但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构;居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”直接关联，动作“否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献”对应于“怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”，体现同意替换关系;选项B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.皇家莎士比亚公司的演员们台上台下都模仿莎士比亚，与相关信息句动作“只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚;但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构;居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”没有任何关联;选项C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构相处不够融洽，与相关信息句动作“Stratford-on-Avon只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚;但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构;居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”似乎有关联，但是选项中的“the two branches of the RSC皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构”与相关信息句中的“Stratford-on-Avon有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构”相悖，这种命题陷阱称为“瞒天过海”;选项D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.居民在旅游业中收益很少，与相关信息句动作“只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚;但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构;居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”没有任何关联。综上所述，可以确定答案为A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献。

　　27. 推断题It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.

　　选项A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.

　　观光者不能单独参观Castle和the Palace。

　　B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.

　　看戏的人比观光客花钱要多。

　　C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.

　　观光者比看戏的人购物多。

　　D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.

　　看戏的人除了去剧院之外不会去任何其他地方。

　　该题目作为推断题，要明确找到指定的第三段的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”，第三段The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus-and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side-don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. 从段中的主题句The playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing 可以看出，D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater. 看戏的人除了去剧院之外不会去任何其他地方，不符合题意。[A]和[C]两项内容并未在本段提及。本段倒数第二句It is the playgoers, …pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants明确地揭示了正确答案为B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers. 看戏的人比观光客花钱要多。

　　28. 识词题By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_____.

　　选项A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.

　　Stratford承担不起扩建计划。

　　B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.

　　Stratford长期以来一直陷入财务困难。

　　C. the town is not really short of money.

　　该镇并不是真的资金短缺。

　　D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.

　　该镇居民过去收入很低。

　　该题将识别的短语“Stratford cries poor traditionally”在文章中定位到第四段The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. 作为识词题，按照“方位论原则”：在识别词汇后面找表示“解释说明，逻辑关系”的表达，或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇后面出现“Nevertheless”，表达的是转折关系，因此相关信息句为Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.但是该镇的每一家宾馆似乎都在加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，可想而知那里会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵。从中不难看出，Stratford并非真的陷入财政困难。选项A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects. Stratford承担不起扩建计划，与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵”完全相悖;选项B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties. Stratford长期以来一直陷入财务困难，与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵”完全相悖;选项C. the town is not really short of money.该镇并不是真的资金短缺，与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵”直接关联，体现“同意替换”的关系;选项D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.该镇居民过去收入很低，与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为C。

　　29.细节题According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_____.

　　选项A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.

　　可以提高票价来弥补支出。

　　B. the company is financially ill-managed.

　　公司财政管理混乱。

　　C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.

　　演员的行为不被社会所接受。

　　D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.

　　看戏的人数量在增加。

　　该题利用定位词“RSC”和“subsidy”定位到文章第五段Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the RSC needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) “无论怎样，该镇居民不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款。(该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录。去年，该剧院1431个座位的全年上座率为94%，今年将更高。)” 选项A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending. 可以提高票价来弥补支出，与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款(该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录)”没有任何关联;选项B. the company is financially ill-managed. 公司财政管理混乱，与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款(该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录)”没有任何关联;选项C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.演员的行为不被社会所接受，与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款(该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录)”没有任何关联;选项D. the theatre attendance is on the rise. 看戏的人数量在增加，与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款(该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录)”直接关联，体现“同意替换”的关系。 因此，正确答案为D. the theatre attendance is on the rise. 看戏的人数量在增加。

　　30.推断题From the text we can conclude that the author_____.

　　选项A. is supportive of both sides. 支持双方。

　　B. favors the townsfolk’s view. 支持居民的观点。

　　C. takes a detached attitude. 漠不关心。

　　D. is sympathetic to the RSC. 对RSC感到同情。

　　该题目作为推断题，要明确找到指定的第六段的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”，第六段 It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)-lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m. 段落中间没有转折词，因此段落的主题句为段首句It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. “将票价大幅度提高很可惜，因为这会将那些对Stratford最值得拥有的年轻客户赶跑。”shame一词体现了作者的感情色彩。因此，正确答案为D. is sympathetic to the RSC. 对RSC感到同情。

　　全文翻译正如我们所知的那样，埃文河畔的斯特拉特福只有一个产业，那就是威廉•莎士比亚，但是那儿有两个完全独立的、敌意渐浓的分支机构。一个是皇家莎士比亚公司，它在该镇莎士比亚纪念剧院上演莎翁最好的戏剧作品。另一个是该镇居民，他们在很大程度上靠从来这儿的游客那儿赚钱为生，这些游客来这儿不是为了看戏剧，而是为了看ANNE Hathaway的小屋，莎翁的出生地和其他景点。

　　斯特拉特福镇可敬的居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收。他们坦然承认自己不喜欢RSC公司的演员，那些人留着长发，蓄着胡须，穿着便鞋，吵吵闹闹。想一想他们赖以为生的莎士比亚本人也是位演员(留着胡须)，也制造噪音，就具有绝妙的讽刺意味。

　　游客并未完全分流。乘公交车而来的观光者通常会参观离这儿不远的沃里克城堡(Warwick Castle)和布伦海姆宫(Blenheim Palace)。他们通常不会去看戏，一些人在斯特拉特福看到剧院甚至会感到惊异。但是，常看戏的人在看戏同时的确会观光一些地方。皇家莎士比亚公司辩称，正是那些看戏的人为城镇带来大部分税收，这是因为他们在该镇过夜(有些人会呆四五个晚上)，在宾馆和餐厅消费。观光客在夜幕降临之前就能看完所有景点，离开城镇。

　　但该镇居民却不认可这种观点，地方议政厅并不直接给皇家莎士比亚公司拨款。斯特拉特福一直在哭穷，但是该镇的每家宾馆似乎都在加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，可想而知那里会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧、里尔休息厅、班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵。

　　不管怎样，该镇居民不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款。(该剧院已经连续三年打破了上座率记录。去年该剧院1431个座位的全年上座率达到94%，今年将更高。)当然，原因是成本增加，而票价却很低。

　　将票价大幅提高很可惜，因为这会将那些对斯特拉特福最值得拥有的年轻客户赶跑。他们来这儿纯粹是为了看戏，而不是观光。他们看起来很相似(尽管他们来自世界各地)，脸都瘦瘦的，尖尖的，一脸热诚，穿着仔裤和便鞋，吃圆面包，晚上睡在剧院外面的石板上，在上午10点半售票口开放时买20张座位票和80张专对这些人出售的站席票。

　　Text 3

　　When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

　　That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.

　　Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.

　　Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.

　　31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____.

　　A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.

　　B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.

　　C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.

　　D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

　　32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that_____.

　　A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.

　　B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.

　　C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.

　　D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.

　　33.By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that_____.

　　A. fishing technology has improved rapidly.

　　B. the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded.

　　C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.

　　D. the data collected so far are out of date.

　　34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that_____.

　　A. people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.

　　B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass

　　C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.

　　D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations

　　35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _____.

　　A. management efficiency

　　B. biomass level

　　C. catch-size limits

　　D. technological application.

　　文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，

　　文章首段主题句是Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. 现在，类似现象(大型的生长缓慢的动物比较容易猎取，由于被捕猎而迅速灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生。

　　第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. 人类发现鱼类过度捕捞已经有些年了。

　　第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. Worm博士声称这些数字比较保守。

　　第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. Myers博士和Worm博士指出，他们的工作确定了一个正确的基准，未来的海洋管理必须将其考虑在内。

　　不难发现，这篇文章围绕着海洋大型生物灭绝的问题来展开。

　　题目解析：

　　31. 结构题The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____.

　　选项A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.

　　大型海洋动物面对环境变化很脆弱。

　　B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.

　　由于大型动物消失所以小型动物存活下来。

　　C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.

　　大型海洋动物可能面对相同的威胁。

　　D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

　　生长慢的鱼类生存时间比生长快的长。

　　该题将例子“The extinction of large prehistoric animal”定位到文章第一段When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.” 例子从段落首句开始到倒数第二句结束。根据结构题方位论原则，找例子对应的论点句。因此，例子后面相邻的句子Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. “现在类似现象(大型动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生。”是论点。选项A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.大型海洋动物面对环境变化很脆弱，与相关信息句动作“现在类似现象(大型动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生”没有任何关联;选项B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.由于大型动物消失所以小型动物存活下来，与相关信息句动作“现在类似现象(大型动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生”没有任何关联;选项C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.大型海洋动物可能面对相同的威胁，与相关信息句动作“现在类似现象(大型动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生”直接关联，动作“大型海洋动物面对相同的威胁”对应于“类似现象可能正在海洋中发生”，体现“同意替换”的关系;选项D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones.生长慢的鱼类生存时间比生长快的长，与相关信息句动作““现在类似现象(大型动物灭绝)可能正在海洋中发生”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为C. large sea animals may face the same threat today. 大型海洋动物可能面对相同的威胁。

　　32. 细节题We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that_____.

　　选项A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.

　　有些老渔场大型动物的存活量已经减少了90%。

　　B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.

　　现在渔场的数量是15年前的一半

　　C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.

　　新渔场中的捕鱼量只占雨总量的20%。

　　D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.

　　新的渔场中大型食肉类的数量比旧渔场下降的快。

　　该题利用定位词“Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper”粗略定位到文章第二段What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.利用“paper”准确定位到段落的句子According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.“根据他们最近发表在《自然》中的论文，一个新的渔场中大型食肉鱼类的数量在开始开发海洋资源的15年间平均下降了80%，在一些旧的渔场，这15年来，大型食肉鱼类的数量在此基础上又减少了一半。”因此，正确答案为A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%. 有些老渔场大型动物的存活量已经减少了90%。