考研英语历年真题（2006年英语一真题及答案）

　　41.答案：[C]

　　本文通过David William的赌博经历，评述美国社会普遍的赌博现象。本题比较容易。在第一次赌博中，他输了20美元，随后便一发不可收。注意第二段和第三段中数字的递增现象(20→800→……→21,000→72,186)。而在所有选项中，[C]项中的数字5,000正好填补了800与21,000之间的空白，含义也完全吻合上下文。

　　42.答案：[A]

　　空格前一段谈到：William的一个朋友帮助他进入一家戒赌中心，并把William的问题通知给赌场;赌场发回来一封禁赌信，并说，William必须提供医学或心理方面的证据证明他进入赌场不会对他的身体健康造成损害，否则，赌场不会再准许他去赌博。后一段的大意是：《华尔街日报》报道了赌场的24条声明，比如“以赌为乐……不要过火”;每张门票上都留有心理咨询的免费电话;然而，明知他赌博成瘾，赌场还故意诱惑他“做违背自己意愿的事情”。空格中应涉及赌场重又引诱William去赌博的内容。选项[A]大意为：赌场继续以强大的攻势诱使William进入赌场，而并没有人察觉他是“禁赌人员”。[A]与上下文完全符合，因此是正确答案。

　　43.答案：[B]

　　空格后一段大意为：一份精神障碍方面的专业杂志说，“病态的赌博”是指持续地、复发性地、不可控制地追求突发横财带来的刺激，而不是追求金钱本身。这显然是在分析“病态的赌博”的症状。而上一段谈到赌场诱使William进入赌场，“做违背自己意愿的事情”。选项[B]的意思是：并不清楚究竟是什么在引诱他;从何种意义来说，他的意愿才算不被强制?此项正好符合上下文逻辑。另外，上文最后一句中的lure一词与[B]项中luring相互照应。因此，[B]是答案。

　　44.答案：[F]

　　由于本题空格是在段首，因此空格内容与后文关系更为密切。后一句的大意是：在科学或所谓科学的推动下，社会正把曾经认为的性格缺陷或道德缺点重新归类为与身体残疾相似的个性障碍。选项[F]的大意是：令人担忧的是，社会正在用药物处理越来越多的行为问题，并把意志力薄弱定义为“毒”瘾发作。这两句的结构与内涵非常相似，因此应选[F]为答案。

　　45.答案：[D]

　　空格后文说到：44个州有彩票，29个州有赌场，大多数州都不同程度地依赖着赌博业带来的税收。这显然是一种政府行为。涉及政府行为的有[D]和[G]两个选项，而[G]讲的是本文最后才提到的网络赌博，只有[D]符合题意。

　　参考译文

　　Evansville镇坐落在印第安纳州俄亥俄河的北岸，是52岁的大卫•威廉姆斯的家乡，镇上有一家内河船赌场。威廉姆斯是州政府的一名审计员，年薪35，000美元。在那家赌场赌了几年，他大约输了175000美元。以前他从未参与赌博，直到有一天，那家赌场送他一张价值20美元的赌博优惠券。

　　他去了那家赌场，输了20美元，然后离开了。第二次去赌场他输了800美元。作为一名优秀顾客，赌场发给他一张“娱乐卡”，赌场里使用可以获得积分，换取食物和饮料，赌场也可以以此来追踪使用者的赌博活动。对于威廉姆斯而言，这些活动成为他所谓的“电子海洛因”。

　　在他输了5，000美元的时候，他对自己说如果能捞回本钱，他就会停手。有一天晚上他赢了5，500美元，但是他并未停手。在1997年，他玩投币赌博游戏时两天时间内输了21，000美元。1997年三月间，他输了72，186美元。有时候，他同时玩两台投币机，整晚整晚地玩，直到凌晨5点赌船进港关门为止，在赌场没有禁止他光顾，原因是赌场知道他沉溺其中不能自拔。赌场的确知道他有问题。

　　1998年三月，威廉姆斯在一个朋友在他不情愿的情况下将他送入治疗中心，戒除赌瘾，并写信告知赌场威廉姆斯上瘾的事实。赌场将威廉姆斯的照片放入被禁止赌博的赌徒名单中，给他写了一封“禁止进入赌场”的信。注明了赌博行为的医学/心理学特征，信中指出在允许他重新进入赌场之前，威廉姆斯必须提供证明他光临赌场不会对他的安全和生活幸福造成危害。

　　尽管他没有提供这些证明，赌场的市场部还是不断地给他寄资料。他进入赌场，使用“娱乐卡”，而赌场并未察觉。

　　据《华尔街周刊》报道，该赌场有24个警告牌，写着诸如“享受乐趣，用头脑赌博，不要头脑发热”一类的警告语。每张入场卷上都印着一个免费电话号码，可以向印地安纳州心理健康部门进行咨询。然而，威廉姆斯的诉状指出赌场明明知道他无可救要地沉溺与赌博，却故意引诱他做出违背自己意愿的行为。

　　考虑到他强迫性的行为，赌场是否故意引诱他还不得而知，而他的意愿又体现在那些方面呢?

　　第四版《心理紊乱诊断数据手册》指出，病态赌博指的是在追求意外横财时，持续地、反复地、无法自控地寻求冒险刺激，并非仅仅为了钱。

　　令人不安的是，现在社会越来越多地用医学方法处理行为问题，以前严厉的前辈们称之为意志薄弱的行为现在被认为是上瘾。由于科学或所谓科学的推动，社会正在对行为问题进行重新分类，把从前认为是性格缺陷、道德过失的重新归类到类似于胜利障碍的病态人格。

　　赌博一直是美国人生活中的普遍现象。长期以来，人们认为赌博是一种罪过或者是一种社会疾病。现在赌博却成为一种社会政策：在美国，最主要、最有力的赌博推动者是美国政府。

　　四十四个州发行彩票，29个州设有赌场，而这些州中大多数在不同程度上倚赖于(你可能会说沉溺于)来自赌博的税收。自从1995年建立了第一个赌博网站以来，争夺赌徒资金的竞争加剧。据10月28日那期《新闻周刊》的报道，200万赌徒每周光顾1800个虚拟赌场。今年网络赌徒们输掉的钱达到35亿美元，赌博业已经超越色情业，成为网络上最赢利的行业。

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10points)

　　Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.

　　First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties---he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

　　The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in “public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, “is something else.”

　　ANSWERS

　　46.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

　　翻译步骤分析

　　[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义

　　define…as…“把…定义为…”

　　elected as… “选择…作为…”

　　thinking in Socratic way about “用苏格拉底式的方式思考…”

　　them it　遵循代词的指代原则，them指代“知识分子”

　　[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句

　　1、，and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)(

　　I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

　　2、which/that原则用来区分主句和从句，句子中的which, that, because, while, when等标志词区分主句和从句)

　　I shall define him as an individual

　　who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

　　3、较长不定式短语或介词短语原则(用来将单句中的不顶事短语和介词短语与主句区别对待，即恢复单句完整，理解短语功能)

　　I shall define him as an individual

　　who has elected the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

　　as his primary duty and pleasure in life

　　这是一个复合句。I shall define him as an individual 是主句。定语从句who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems用来修饰名词“individual”。该定语从句中构成“elect…as…”的结构。

　　[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序

　　I shall define him as an individual我将知识分子定义这种个体：

　　who has elected the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems. 用苏格拉底式的方式思考对道德问题，

　　as his primary duty and pleasure in life 并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。

　　[参考译文] 我将知识分子定义这种个体：用苏格拉底式的方式思考道德问题，并将此作为自己人生首要责任和人生乐趣。

　　47.His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　翻译步骤分析

　　[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义

　　is analogous to “与…相似”

　　accept(the obligation of) “接受”在此意为“承担”

　　revealing “揭露”在此意为“揭示”

　　led him to his decision. “他自己得出结论”

　　[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句

　　1、，and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)(

　　His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　2、which/that原则用来区分主句和从句，句子中的which, that, because, while, when等标志词区分主句和从句)

　　His function is analogous to that of a judge

　　, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning

　　which led him to his decision.

　　3、较长不定式短语或介词短语原则(用来将单句中的不顶事短语和介词短语与主句区别对待，即恢复单句完整，理解短语功能)

　　His function is analogous to that of a judge

　　, who must accept the obligation of revealing the course of reasoning

　　in as obvious a matter as possible

　　which led him to his decision.

　　这是一个复合句。His function is analogous to that of a judge是主句。非限制性定语从句who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision用来修饰前文名词judge。在该定语从句中，which led him to his decision是定语从句，修饰名词短语“the course of reasoning”。

　　[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序

　　His function is analogous to that of a judge他的职责与法官相似，

　　, who must accept the obligation of revealing the course of reasoning必须承担揭示推理过程的责任。

　　in as obvious a matter as possible用尽可能明了的方式

　　which led him to his decision. 自己做出决定的

　　[参考译文] 他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。

　　48.I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

　　翻译步骤分析

　　[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义

　　excluded “排除在外”

　　contribute to “促成”

　　has not been charged with (the obligation)“被控告”在此意为“承担”

　　approaching (the factual aspect)“接近”在此意为“探究”

　　him 遵循代词的指代原则，him指代“普通科学家”

　　[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句

　　1、，and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)

　　I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems

　　, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

　　2、which/that原则(用来区分主句和从句，句子中的which, that, because, while, when等标志词区分主句和从句)

　　I have excluded him

　　because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems

　　, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

　　这是一个复合句。I have excluded him是主句。because,引导原因状语从句。在该原因状语从句中while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems和he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.构成让步关系的主、从句。

　　[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序

　　I have excluded him我已经把普通科学家排除在外，

　　because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，

　　, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。

　　[参考译文] 我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。

　　49.But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

　　翻译步骤分析

　　[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义

　　think about “思考，考虑”

　　governs his activity “管理”在此意为“支配”

　　is expected to “期望…”

　　dedicate his energies to “投身于…;专注于…”

　　[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句

　　1、，and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)

　　But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity

　　, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

　　2、which/that原则(用来区分主句和从句，句子中的which, that, because, while, when等标志词区分主句和从句)

　　But his primary task is not to think about the moral code

　　, which governs his activity

　　, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

　　这是一个复合句。But his primary task is not to think about the moral code any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business是主句，在该句子中体现了结构“not…any more than”，译为 “不是…也不是”。非限制性定语从句which governs his activity用来修饰名词“moral code”。

　　[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序

　　But his primary task is not to think about the moral code但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑道德规范，

　　, which governs his activity支配自己行为的

　　, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。

　　[参考译文] 但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。

　　50.They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

　　翻译步骤分析

　　[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义

　　teach “教”

　　earn their salaries “挣工资”

　　make little or no independent reflections on “很少或几乎没有独立思考”

　　involve(moral judgment) “包括”在此意为“需要(道德判断)”

　　[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句

　　1、，and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)

　　They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries

　　, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

　　2、which/that原则(用来区分主句和从句，句子中的which, that, because, while, when等标志词区分主句和从句)

　　They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries

　　, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

　　这是一个并列句。They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries与but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.构成并列关系。在but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment中，定语从句which involve moral judgment修饰名词“human problems”。

　　[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序

　　They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，

　　, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems但他们大多数人却很少或没有对、人的问题进行独立思考。

　　which involve moral judgment. 需要进行道德判断的

　　[参考译文] 他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。

　　参考译文

　　美国知识分子受到排斥，人们认为他们在社会中无关紧要，确实如此吗?这里指出的是情况并非那样。Father Bruchbergen让我们了解到部分真实情况。他指出是美国受到知识分子的排斥。然而，知识分子所做的还不止这些，他们对知识分子所发挥的作用日益感到不满。正是他们自己，而不是美国，成了反知识分子者。

　　首先，我们要对研究对象进行定义。什么是知识分子?我将知识分子定义为这样的人。他把用苏格拉底的方法思考道德问题作为自己的主要责任和人生乐趣。他有意识地、清楚坦诚地探索这一问题，首先针对一些事实问题提问，然后针对道德问题提问，最后根据已经获得的事实和道德信息提出一些看似合理的建议，建议人们如何行动。他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。

　　这一定义将许多通常被称为知识分子的人排除在外，那些普通科学家便是其中之一。我把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他们的成就有助于解决道德问题，但却仅仅限于这些问题的事实方面，他们并未承担解决道德问题的任务。与其他人一样，他们会在完成自己的日常任务时遇到道德问题——他不应该伪造实验，捏造证据，修改实验报告。但是科学家的主要任务不是思考支配自己行为的道德准则，正如人们不会期待商人将精力投入到研究商业中的行为规范一样。普通科学家在大部分醒着的时日都会认为自己的道德准则理所当然，这和商人是一样的。

　　这个定义也将绝大多数教师排除在外，尽管从传统意义上来说，多数知识分子的谋生手段是教书。这些教师可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但大多数人很少或者没有对涉及道德判断的人类问题进行独立思考。这种情况也适用大多数杰出学者。在人类知识的某一领域学识渊博是一回事，而：“对社会进行卓越的思考”(爱默生语)则是另一回事。

　　51.DIRECTIONS:

　　You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.

　　Write your letter no less than 100 words. Write it on the ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.

　　To those that is concerned,

　　I write this letter to request your help to recommend a proper candidate to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial assistance to a child in a remote area.

　　I wonder if it is convenient for you if three things concerning the child are taken into consideration. First, the child should come from Gansu Province, for I intend to help a child from my hometown. Second, it will be better if the child is a primary school student. I hope I will help him/her from the very beginning. In addition, he/she must be willing to return to his hometown to help built it after graduation from university.

　　My plan will be carried out as follows. On one hand, I will remit at least 2,000 yuan in cash every year until he/she finishes his/her education before entering college. On the other hand, I decide to teach the child math and English in person during my summer vacation, which will surely be more beneficial to the child.

　　Your prompt help would be highly appreciated. And I am expecting your reply at your earliest convenience.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Li Ming

　　52.DIRECTIONS:

　　Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should

　　1. describe the photos briefly,

　　2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and

　　3. give your point of view.

　　谋篇分析

　　根据漫画不难发现，漫画场景一，一位年轻人的脸上写着“贝克汉姆”的名字，眼睛却被蒙上了。漫画场景二，一位理发师给年轻人剪“贝克汉姆”的发型，眼睛也被蒙上了。显然，漫画反映的是“盲目明星崇拜”，即该文章的主题。

　　根据提纲中的信息1. describe the photos briefly, 本文开头需要一个段落，即描述漫画段。

　　根据提纲中的信息2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,引出暗含主题段

　　根据提纲中的信息3. give your point of view. 本篇文章下文要体现出作者的观点以及最后得出的结论。

　　SAMPLE

　　How ironic the two pictures are in describing one of the most widespread social phenomena concerning idol adoration! In the first picture, a young man writes the name of Beckham on his face. In the second picture, another young man spends 300 yuan in dealing with his hair to make himself look like Beckham.

　　The meaning conveyed in the two pictures reveals that in current China some young people are losing themselves due to idol adoration. I am greatly shocked by the enthusiasm for this British football superstar shown by these two young men. Frankly speaking, things of this kind really happen among us. Some people, especially college students, do nothing but concentrate on imitating superstars. This does great harm to their study and growth. If we can’t stop the worsening of this tendency, our own culture will be damaged, and we ourselves will be the ultimate victims.

　　From my point of view, a lot of measures should be taken to save our losing culture and re-find ourselves. In fact, some measures have already been taken. In my university, campaigns have been launched to educate people to pay more attention to our traditional culture and read more books instead of focusing on our appearances.

　　As a result, we have witnessed some improvements but still there is a long way to go.

　　文章结构分析

　　第一段

　　How ironic the two pictures are in describing one of the most widespread social phenomena concerning idol adoration! 用来引出漫画内容，并且给人以“心领神会”之感。

　　In the first picture,…… 描述漫画内容。

　　In the second picture,…… 描述漫画内容，并指出两幅漫画的相似之处。

　　第二段

　　The meaning conveyed in the two pictures reveals that……用来引出主题，并且顺利的强调主题的重要。

　　I am greatly shocked by……

　　Frankly speaking, things of this kind really happen among us. 用来联系现实，只有将主题与现实联系到一起才能体现出主题的意义和作用 。

　　第三段

　　From my point of view,…… 指出自己的观点，符合提纲要求来展开文章。

　　第四段

　　As a result, we have witnessed some improvements but still there is a long way to go. 下结论，并把文章顺利结尾。

　　many people. Take Liuxiang as an example. 举例子，符合提纲要求来展开文章。

　　It is because of...... On the contrary, …… 展开例子，联系到主题，再次强调主题的重要性。

　　第四段

　　As the saying goes,…… 谚语将文章主题升华。

　　Only by building strong self-confidence can we move closer to our dreams. 利用倒装句型下结论，并把文章顺利结尾。

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