2023同等学力英语语法知识总结1

　　同等学力英语也是考试的重要科目，想要在实际的考试中收获到高分成绩，大家在日常的备考复习中，需要对这个科目进行重点的复习。那么具体的同等学力英语应该如何备考?小编为大家整理了“2023同等学力英语语法知识总结1”，供大家参考。

　　2023同等学力英语语法知识总结1

　　动词

　　( 1 )时态、语态

　　1 )以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时，同样不用于完成进行时。

　　a .表示感知的动词： hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell 。

　　b . 表示意愿情感的动词： desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love 。

　　c .表示思考看法的动词： believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind , recall, recollect , remember, trust, suppose 。

　　d .表示所有 占有 的动词： belong to , owe , own , possess , hold (容纳)。

　　e .其他动词： cost , appear , concern , contain , consist , deserve , matter , seem 。

　　2 )不用 will/shall 表达将来时的形式。

　　a . be going to 表示现在的打算和意图。

　　b . arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off 等表示移位的动词的进行时表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作。

　　c . be to(do) 表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事。

　　d . be about to (do); be on the point of (doing) 表示“马上就要”，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用。

　　e . be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start 的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要 发生的将来 动作 或事件。

　　f .在 时间 、条件、让 步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时。

　　g . 在 where/wherever 引导的地点从句和 whether 引导的让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时。

　　3 )与完成时连用的句型和时间状语。

　　a . by/between/up to/till+ 过去时间， since , by the time/when+ 谓语动词是一般过去时的从句，主 句用过去完成时。

　　b . by + 将来时间、 by the time/when+ 谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。

　　c . by now, since + 过去时间， in/during/for the past/last few (或具体数字) years/days/months ，主句用现在完成时。

　　d .在 It is the+ 序数词 / 形容词最高级 +that 的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。

　　e . 在 no sooner …than…， hardly/scarcely…when/before… 句型中，主句常用过去完成时。

　　f . 其他与完成时连用的时间状语： all this while, all this year, for some time, so far, already, before, just, long, yet 等。

　　4 )下列及物(短语)动词一般不用于被动语态。

　　contain, cost, enter, fit, have, hold (容纳)， lack, last, own, possess, belong to, resemble, suit, wish, agree with, consist of, get to, keep track of, shake hands with, take part in, walk into, arrive at, reach (到达)

　　5 )接动名词时主动形式表示被动意义的动词。

　　bear, deserve, merit, need, require, want, demand

　　6 )后接副词时主动形式表示被动意义的动词。

　　wash , open , polish , wear , write , sell , pull , push , lock , clean , cut , peel , spoil , read

　　例： The book sells well. 这本书卖得很好。

　　( 2 )非谓语动词

　　1 )常接动名词做宾语的动词。

　　acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, advise, avoid, admit, confess, consider, defend, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep mind, miss, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, permit, report, resent, resume, recall, recollect, risk, resist, suggest, tolerate

　　2 )常接不定式做宾语的动词。

　　agree, afford, aim, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, endeavor, intend, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, pledge, pretend, prepare, promise, proceed, prove, resolve, refuse, request, swear, tend, try, venture, wait, wish

　　3 )接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词。

　　mean to do 想要(做某事) mean doing 意味(做某事)

　　propose to do 打算(做某事) propose doing 建议(做某事)

　　forget to do 忘记(要做的事) forget doing 忘记(已做的事)

　　remember to do 记得(要做某事) remember doing 记得(已做过的事)

　　regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾 regret doing (对已做过的事)后悔

　　go on to do 继而(做另一件事) go on doing 继续(做原来的事)

　　stop to do 停下来去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)

　　stop doing 停止正在做的事(不定式做宾语)

　　4 )不定式的习惯用法。

　　句型： cannot help but do; cannot but do

　　cannot choose but do; can do nothing but do

　　have no choice/alternative but to do

　　5 )动名词的习惯用法。

　　句型： be busy/active doing sth.

　　have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.

　　It´s no good/use/picnic doing sth.

　　have a good/terrible/difficult time doing sth.

　　spend/waste time doing sth.

　　There is no point/sense/harm doing sth.

　　cannot help doing sth.

　　6 )下列动词短语中的 to 是介词，后面应接动名词或名词。

　　object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to

　　( 3 )虚拟语气

　　1 ) that 宾语从句需用( should+ )动词原形表示虚拟的动词。

　　desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, suggest, urge, vote, move

　　应当注意的是，当 suggest 、 insist 等词不再表示“建议”或“坚持要求”的含义时，其后面的从句不再用虚拟语气。例如：

　　His look suggested that he wasn´t telling the truth.

　　He insisted that he was right.

　　2 )下列名词后接 that 同位语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语需用( should+ )动词原形表示虚拟。

　　insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding

　　3 )下列形容词或分词做表语时， that 主语从句需用( should+ )动词原形表示虚拟。

　　advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, strange, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested

　　4 )含蓄虚拟条件句。

　　a .介词 with, without, under, in but for 等表示含蓄条件。例如：

　　But for your help, they couldn´t have succeeded.

　　She wasn´t feeling well. Otherwise, she wouldn´t have left the meeting so early.

　　b .连词 but, or, or else ，副词 otherwise, unfortunately 等表示转折假设。

　　c . intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+ 不定式完成式或 had intended/me- ant/planned/hoped/wished+ 不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。

　　d .情态动词完成式可以表示虚拟含义。

　　5 )在非真实条件句中，有时从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作并不同时发生，这样的条件句中使用的虚拟式称为混合虚拟式。其构成视具体情况而定。例如：

　　If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.

　　If I were you, I wouldn´t have missed the film last night.

　　6 )引导非真实条件从句的连词 if 在正式文体中有时可以省去， were ， had ， should 等非行 为动词这时应提到从句句首。例如：

　　If I were you, I wouldn´t feel sorry.

　　→ Were I you, I wouldn´t feel sorry.

　　7 )虚拟式可用于 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将谓语动词提前一个时态。例如：

　　I wish I had been to the concert last night.

　　I wish he would forgive me.

　　8 ) It´s (high, about) time that… 的句型要求用虚拟式，表示应该做还没有做的事。其表达形式一般是谓语动词使用过去时态。例如：

　　It´s high time that he stopped smoking.

　　It´s about time that we took our leave.

　　9 )在 I would rather 后的句子中，动词也要求用虚拟式，表示某人的愿望。其表达形式一般是将谓语动词提前一个时态。例如：

　　I´d rather you left tomorrow instead of today.

　　I´d rather he hadn´t done anything like that.

　　10 )在由 as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，或表示与主句谓语动词同时或其后的假设情况时，从句中谓语动词用过去时。表示过去想像中的动作或情况或表示在主句谓语动词所表示时间之前的假设情况，从句用过去完成时。如果表示的情况很可能发生或是事实，则用陈述语气。例如：

　　She looks as if she knew all about it.

　　They talked as though they had got acquainted with each other for years.

　　11 )在 if only 引起的感叹句中，用谓语动词的一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。例如：

　　If only he knew our telephone number!

　　12 )在 lest ， for fear that ， in case 等词引导的从句中，谓语动词用 should+ 动词原形表示虚拟， should 一词也可以省略。例如：

　　Grown people should never say or do anything wrong before children, lest they(should) set them a bad example.

　　( 4 )情态动词

　　1 )情态动词后面加不定式的完成式，即“情态动词 +have+done ”，用来表示过去时间的各种情态。用法如下：

　　情态动词用在句子中表示对过去的行为或过去的动作的推测、评论或判断，表示某种事情“一定”、“可能”或“应该”已经完成或发生了。考生应该牢记不同的情态动词与不定式完成式连用所表达的意思。如： wouldn´t have done sth. (本来不会……)， should/ought to have done sth. (本应 / 应该已经……)， shouldn´t/oughtn´t to have done sth. (本不该……)， would have done sth. (本来会……)， can/could/may/might have done sth. (可能已经 / 也许已经……)， must have done sth. (一定 / 准是……)， can´t/couldn´t have done sth. (一定没 / 准没有……)，“ needn´t + 完成式”表示对已经做过的事感到不必要。

　　例： I could have arrived a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.

　　The children must have got terrified in last night´s earthquake.

　　Since they aren´t answering the telephone, they must have left.

　　You should have put the milk in the ice-box; I expect it had become undrinkable by now.

　　You needn´t have told her again because she has a good memory.

　　You needn´t have interrupted the class to tell me that; you could have come up to me afterwards.

　　2 )情态动词后面加进行时，即“情态动词 +be+doing ”，表示“应当正在……”、“想必 / 一定正在……”、“可能 / 也许正在……”等意思。情态动词后面加上完成进行式，即“情态动词 +have been doing ”，表示“应当一直在……”、“想必一直在……”等意思。

　　例： He shouldn´t be watching TV now. It´s time for class.

　　The president of our company isn´t here. He may be interviewing candidates for the post of sales manager at the moment.

　　He said he could drink a bottle of whisky. He must be joking.

　　They must have been working on their thesis.

　　3 )情态动词后面用被动语态，在很多情况下，动词的主语是动作的承担者，因此，情态动词后面就要跟动词的被动语态形式。

　　例： The Central Park can be seen from the top of this exclusive apartment building.

　　Many rare animals should be saved from extinction.

　　The girl must have been frightened by the thrilling movie in which there are some violent scenes.

　　以上就是为大家整理的“2023同等学力英语语法知识总结1”，希望大家可以更好的准备同等学力英语考试，在接下来的考试中取得更好的成绩!