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　　Ever since taking on Netflix Inc. at its own game, old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming, with the likes of Disney+, Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions of dollars each year, sparking concerns on Wall Street that the services will never be as profitable as cable once was. But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners: pirates that use software to rip a film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own, illegitimate services, which rake in about $2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

　　With no video production costs, illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%, according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA), a trade group representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

　　Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy, which had largely been based on file uploads. But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about $30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs, estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center. The global impact is about $71 billion annually.

　　Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix_actually helped curb digital piracy, which had largely been based on file uploads] But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about $30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs, estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center. The global impact is about $71 billion annually.

　　“The people who are stealing our movies and our television shows and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,” says Charlie Rivkin, chief executive officer of the MPA. “This is organized crime.” Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier/to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valleyto win passage of legislation in Congress/aimed at stopping online piracy.In 2017 the association formed the Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment (ACE), an enforcement task force of about 100 detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.

　　ACE says it's helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services/in North America to 126, from more than 1,400 in 2018, aided in part by the MPA's support for a 2020 federal law that made

　　large-scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.

　　Consulting firm Parks Associates predicts that legitimate US streaming services’ cumulative loss from piracy since2022_will reach $113 billion in the next two years. While there is_some optimism that emerging counteymeasures and best practices may see piracy]begin to plateau by 2027, there is no consensus among stakeholders as to when it may begin to decline," says analyst Steve Hawley.

　　31.According to paragraph1 ，legitimate streaming services .

　　A.have drawn lessons from Hollywood B.have surpassed cable in revenue

　　C.are unpopular with advertiser

　　D.are confronted with a real threat

　　32. It can be learned that streamers like Netflix .

　　A.played apart in the fight against illegal file-sharing

　　B.reaped benefits from the war with digital pirates C.promised to become big job creators in the US

　　D.used to collaborate with file-uploading platforms

　　33. It can be inferred from paragraph4 that MPA .

　　A.was denied cooperation by Silicon Valley

　　B.led a national protest against online privacy C.was urged to form an enforcement task force D.failed to win support from local authorities

　　34.According to Hawley ，digital privacy .

　　A.cannot be checked in spite of new legislation

　　B.will possibly overwhelm legitimate streamers

　　C.is unlikely to diminish in the near future

　　D.has been underestimated by some analysts

　　35. Which of the following is emphasized in the text?

　　A.the need to coordinate anti-privacy action B.the criminal nature of copyright violation C.prospect of eliminating online privacy

　　D.economic harm from illegal streaming

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