Part B

　　Directions:

　　The followingparagraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required toreorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-Gand filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctlyplaced Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)

　　[A] Somearchaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, theParthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megalithsof Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm.Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching,while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an earlyhominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fellinto its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light duringthe digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.

　　[B]In another case,American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent yearssystematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexiconear what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one ofthe largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only thecity’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartmentcomplexes where common people lived.

　　[C] How doarchaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there isnothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample(make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavationwill yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also becomeimportant for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeologicalsites.

　　[D] Surveys can covera single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchersworking around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundredsof small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographsand by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how thedistribution and density of the rural population around the city changeddramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.

　　[E] To find theirsites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and avariety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such asdifferent types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes orspacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the groundwithout digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or largerburied features, such as ancient buildings or fields.

　　[F] Mostarchaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have setout to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologistHoward Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existedfrom information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in theValley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In thelate 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ storesin Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to theancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC.Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find theMinoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.

　　[G] Ground surveysallow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Mostground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such assmall fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging totest for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologistsalso may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly usecomputers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two andthree-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustratinghow sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.

　　41.C → A →42.F → E →43.G→ 44.D →45.B

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