Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the followingtext carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Music means differentthings to different people and sometimes even different things to the sameperson at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical,sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have somethingto do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the meansof expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it isprecisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physicalmeans that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we tryto describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it,and not grasp music itself.

　　Beethoven’simportance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature ofhis compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions ofharmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break allsigns of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in thelast piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by theweight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and acourageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding,let alone the performance, of his works.

　　This courageousattitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music.His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the useof dynamics. (48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intensecrescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was onlyrarely used by composers before him.

　　Beethoven was adeeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interestedin daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and thelarger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, wasassociated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocatedfreedom of thought and of personal expression.

Beethoven’smusic tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of humanexistence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring thedisorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, animprovement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is notby chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the EroicaSymphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.(50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that sufferingis inevitable, but the courage tofight it renders life worth living.