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2016考前点睛:英语一翻译高频考点及解题技巧

2015-12-18 14:38:38来源:网络

  6、一词多义

  1)一词多义---实词

  a. 根据语境联系上下文猜测词义,还要注意文章所涉及的学科背景。

  具体名词、动词、形容词-->抽象一类概念

  2013-46...fundamental urges..(迫切需求)

  2011-50 The upside... (好的一面)

  2012-48 ... filter out what is unique (特殊事物)from what is shared(相同事物)...

  b. 根据词根词缀选择猜测生词的词义

  如:Astrophysicist 天文物理学家

  Ground-based detector以陆地为基地的探测器--路基探测器

  c. 根据汉语的习惯搭配来翻译

  如:Humans have the ability to modify the environment.(2003年)

  假设除了modify其他单词都认识,这句话就翻译成"人类有能力___环境",到底是怎么环境呢?无非就是"人类有能力改造环境""人类有能力征服环境""人类有能力适应环境",这些都是有可能的。再进一步假设,如果知道这个单词是"修改,更改"的意思,套入原文,发现"修改环境""更改环境"无比的别扭,那我们就按照汉语习惯,改成"改造环境"。

  d. 根据最佳搭配确定意思

  如:distinctly human need 人类特有的需求

  distinctly shaky evidence明显站不住脚的证据

  2004-63 The newly described languages were often so strikingly different (完全不同)from the well studied (研究成熟的)languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.

  2)一词多义---虚词

  a. however:有逗号时,意思是"但是",表转折;没有逗号时,however后面接adj或adv,表示让步,意思是"无论多么"。

  2013-47 however crude it may be

  b. for: ①介词:为了,因为(与动词搭配blame sb for sth), 对于...来说;(2013-46)for all their diversity of styles (for尽管==despite)

  ②连词:+句子 "因为"

  c. as: 原因,时间(时态一致多表时间), 非限定性从句

  2013-47 .非限制性定语从句.... as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.

  2004-62 原因 ... have since vanished, as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

  2007-47 时间 On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.



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