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2015年MBA备考冲刺英语:英语语法概述(五)

2014-01-23 14:14:15来源:233网校

  4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。

  He always means what he says.

  She suggested (that) he do it at once.

  5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。

  We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.

  The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

  二、定语从句

  引导定语从句的关联词包括:

  (1)关系代词:that, which, whose, who, whom, as;

  (2)关系副词:when, where, why。

  关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成分,

  关系代词在句中充当动词的宾语时, 一般可省去。

  关系代词的选用比较复杂, 它受下列条件的制约:

  (1)先行词是指人还是指物;

  (2)关系代词在从句中的句法功能;

  (3)定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。

  关系代词的选用情况见下表:

  先行词在从句中的句法功能 用于限定性或非限定性定语从句 只用于限定性定语从句

  指人或指物 指人 指物

  主语 who which that

  宾语 whom which that

  定语 whose whose(of which)

  I know that he is a man who (that) means what be says.

  The gentleman whom (that) she met addressed her with courtesy(礼貌)。

  The watch which (that) was lost has been found.

  Here is the meterial which (that) you need.

  You’re the only one whose advice he might listen to.

  关系副词的选用相对来说较简单。如先行词为表示时间的名词, 如time, day等, 则用when; 如先行词为表示地点的名词, 如place, house, area等,则用where; 如先行词为reason, 则用why。:

  I’ll never forget the mountain village where (in which) I spent my childhood.

  I don’t know the reason why (for which) he did that.


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