南京航空航天大学2018年620基础英语初试考研真题

　　Just half an hour before, a Hindu fanatic, Ram Naturam, had pumped three bullets from a revolver 4

　　Gandhi’s frail body, emaciated by years of fasting and asceticism.

　　Gandhi was shot in the luxurious gardens of Birla House in the 5 of one thousand of his followers,

　　whom he was leading to the little summer pagoda where it was his habit 6 make his evening devotions.

　　Dressed as always in his homespun, sacklike dhoti, and 7 heavily on a staff of stout wood, Gandhi

　　was only a feet from the 8 when the shots were fired.

　　Gandhi crumpled instantly, 9 his hand to his forehead in the Hindu gesture of

　　10 to his assassin.

　　Three bullets penetrated his body at close range, one in the upper right thigh, one in the abdomen, and

　　11 in the chest.

　　The shots 12 like a string of firecrackers and it was a moment 13 Gandhi’s devotees realized

　　what had happened. Then they 14 on the assassin savagely and would have torn him to bits had not police

　　guards intervened with rifles and drawn bayonets.

　　Over all India the word 15 like wildfire. Minutes after the flash was received in Bombay rioting

　　broke out, with Hindu extremists 16 Moslems. A panic-stricken Moslem woman echoed the thoughts of

　　thousands with a 17 : “God help us all!”

　　In Delhi itself, in the quick-gathering 18 of the night, the news set the people on the march.

　　They walked slowly 19 the avenues and out of the squalid bazaars, converging on Birla House.

　　There 20 the thousands they stood weeping silently or moaning a wailing.

　　III. Error correction (20 points)

　　Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the

　　mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.

　　Example: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨ most fascinating voice!” the

　　Like the life span, the metabolic rate has, for different

　　organisms, a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass.

　　In comparison to the life span, this relationship is “inverted”: the

　　larger the organism, the low its metabolic rate. Such relationship 1. __________

　　is valid not only for birds, but also for other organisms.

　　Animals which behave “frugal” with energy become 2. __________

　　particularly old, for example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots and

　　birds of prey are often held chain up. Thus they are not able to 3. __________

　　“experience life” and so they can attain a high life span in

　　captivities. Animals which save energy by hibernation live much 4. __________

　　longer than those which are always active. The metabolic rate of

　　a mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food. They 5. __________

　　then may live twice as long as their well-fed comrades. Women

　　become distinctively older than men. If you examine the metabolic 6. __________

　　rates of the two sexes, you establish that the higher male metabolic

　　rate roughly accounts for the short male life span. That means that 7. __________

　　they live life “energetically” --- more intensely, but not for as long.

　　It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves

　　should tend to extend life. Extremely high performance sports 8. _________

　　may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quite

　　certainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate,

　　like does adequate sleep. Each of us can develop his or her own 9. __________

　　“energy saving programme” with a little self-observation and

　　self-control. Experience will show that live in this way not only 10. __________

　　increases the life span but also is very healthy.

　　IV. Paraphrase (30 points)

　　Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write

　　down your restatement on the answer sheet.

　　1. As you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted

　　cloth market.

　　2. I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had nothing to do with anything a

　　Nippon railways official might say.

　　3. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.

　　4. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.

　　5. Carla fled away from her parents because she wanted to lead an authentic kind of life.

　　6. New York was never a good convention city but it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.

　　7. Wearing that Dior dress, she made everyone else in a room or street look cheap.

　　8. Let us remember that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.

　　9. Perhaps the child was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and

　　neglect.

　　10. Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape.

　　V. General Knowledge (20 points)

　　A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)

　　1. What kind of figure of speech is used in lines “Till all the seas gone dry, my dear,/ And the rocks melt with

　　the sun,/ And I will love thee still, my dear.”

　　A. oxymoron B. metonymy C. understatement D. hyperbole

　　2. ____ is defined as “an author’s careful arrangement of incidents in a narrative to achieve a desired effect.”

　　A. setting B. tone C. plot D. exposition

　　3. As a literary approach, ____ can be defined as a discourse that concerns itself particularly with literature

　　written in English in formerly colonized countries.

　　A. Marxist criticism B. Feminist criticism

　　C. Postcolonial Criticism D. Psychoanalysis criticism

　　4. Which one of the following plays is not regarded as the most important tragedies of William Shakespeare?

　　A. Romeo and Juliet B. Othello C. King Lear D. Macbeth

　　5. The publication of ___ symbolized the real beginning of British Romanticism.

　　A. Lyrical Ballads B. Leaves of Grass C. Pride and Prejudice D. Walden

　　6. ___ won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Literature.

　　A. Alice Munro B. Doris Lessing C. Margaret Atwood D. Kazuo Ishiguro

　　7. All theories about the origin of language are hypothetical in nature. Which of the following is not a theory /

　　hypothesis about the origin of language?

　　A. Innateness hypothesis. B. The evolutionary theory.

　　C. The divine-origin theory. D. The invention theory.

　　8. Which of the following falls under the category of semantics?

　　A.PS Rules B. IC Analysis

　　C. Componential Analysis D. Error Analysis

　　9. ___ is designed to discover mainly what the testee does not know about the language. A test of such kind

　　can help the teacher to find out what is wrong with the previous learning and what should be included in

　　the future teaching work.

　　A. Achievement test B. Proficiency test

　　C. Diagnostic test D. Aptitude test

　　10. Which of the following descriptions about the London School is INCORRECT?

　　A. One of the chief representatives of London School is M.A.K. Halliday.

　　B. It stresses the importance of context of situation aspect of language.

　　C. It stresses the importance of the system aspect of language.

　　D. It is best known for its contribution to phonology.

　　B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in

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